tack Camden. While the American army was approaching, Cornwallis struck his tents and marched toward Rugeley's. Neither party was aware of the close proximity of its opponent until the advanced guards met, about two o'clock in the morning. In the battle that ensued soon after sunrise, Kalb commanded on the American right and was driving his adversary, Lord Rawdon, before him, when the defeat of our left wing exposed his flank and rear to the assaults of Webster and Tarleton. Kalb was thus attacked on all sides, but remained during the whole encounter, fighting bravely to the last. Bareheaded and dismounted, with sword in hand, he engaged in one personal encounter after another, encouraging his men with his voice as well as his example, till he had received eleven wounds. His lieutenant, Du Buysson, saved him from instant death. He died three days afterward, and was buried at Camden. A marble monument was erected to his memory by the citizens of that town, the corner-stone being laid by Gen. Lafayette in 1825. On 16 Aug., 1886, a statue of Kalb, executed in Rome by Ephraim Keyser, was placed in front of the court-house in Annapolis, Md., the address being delivered by Thomas F. Bayard, of Delaware. See “Leben des amerikanischen Generals, Johann Kalb,” by Friedrich Kapp (Stuttgart, 1862; English translation, New York, 1870).
KALBFLEISCH, Martin, manufacturer, b. in
Flushing, Holland, 8 Feb., 1804; d. in Brooklyn,
N. Y., 12 Feb., 1873. He received a common-school
education, and at the age of eighteen embarked
with an American captain to engage in trading in
Sumatra, but returned on account of cholera. Forming
a partnership with an American, he carried on
business in Havre, France, for four years. In 1826
he emigrated to the United States, settled in New
York city, found employment as clerk, and next as
chemist, and in 1835 established a color-factory in
Harlem, afterward removing it to Norwalk, Conn.,
where his building was destroyed by fire. In 1842
he founded a chemical factory at Greenpoint, L. I.
He was elected mayor of Brooklyn in 1861, and in
1862 was chosen to congress as a Democrat. In
1867 and 1869 he was elected by the Democrats
mayor for the second and third time, and in 1871
was an independent candidate, but was defeated
by the regular Democratic nominee.
KALER, James Otis, journalist, b. in Winterport,
Me., 19 March, 1848. He was educated in the
common schools, and adopting journalism as a
profession has at different times been associate editor
with Frank Leslie and Norman Munro, and under
the pen-name of “James Otis” has published tales
for the young, including “Toby Tyler” (New York,
1880); “Tim and Tip” (1880); “Left Behind”
(1882); “Raising the Pearl” (1883); “Mr. Stubb's
Brother” (1883); and “Silent Pete” (1885).
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KALISCH, Isidor, clergyman, b. in Krotoschin, Posen, Prussia, 15 Nov., 1816; d. in Newark, N. J., 11 May, 1886. He was educated at the universities of Berlin, Breslau, and Prague, and while pursuing his studies in theology and philosophy contributed to German periodicals. In 1842 he wrote a patriotic poem, entitled “Schlacht-Gesang der Deutschen,” which was set to music and became one of the popular songs of the day. In 1843 he preached the first German sermon ever delivered in his native town. He came to the United States in 1849, and in 1850 was called to the Tifireth Israel congregation in Cleveland, Ohio, where he labored in the interest of reformed Judaism. In 1855 the first conference of rabbis was held in Cleveland, and a ritual and common prayer-book was agreed upon, entitled “Minhag America,” which he edited and which is now in use in many synagogues. In 1855 he was requested by Prof. Josiah W. Gibbs, of Yale, to decipher a Phœnician inscription that had been found in Sidon, Asia, his rendering of which was read before the Syro-Egyptian society of London, 13 Nov., 1855. In 1856-'9 he had charge of a congregation in Milwaukee, Wis., where he united the two factions of Israelites, and organized Die treue Schwestern, a benevolent society of Jewish ladies. He then held charges in Indianapolis, Detroit, Leavenworth, Kan., Newark, N. J., and Nashville, Tenn., where he erected a synagogue. He returned to Newark, N. J.. in 1875, and devoted himself to literary work and to lecturing, taking part in polemical discussions in behalf of the ultra-reform element in Judaism. His controversies with Rev. Isaac Leeser, arising from Dr. Kalisch's criticism of Leeser's English version of the Bible, and on the “Jewish Belief in a Personal Messiah,” have become famous in the history of Jewish literature. From 1853 till 1878 he edited the “Guide,” and contributed a great number of essays and discourses to German and English religious periodicals. He was the author of poetry in Hebrew and German, including “Töne des Morgen-Landes,” “Die letzten Lebensmomente Moses,” “Die mystische Harfe,” “Der Teufelstein,” and “Gesicht der Seele,” and several hymns which are contained in the “Reformed Hebrew Prayer-Book.” In addition to lectures, miscellaneous works, and translations, he published “Wegweiser für rationelle Forschungen in den biblischen Schriften” (1853; English translation by Dr. M. Mayer, of Charleston, S. C., 1857); and English translations of Lessing's “Nathan der Weise” (New York, 1869); of “Sepher Yezirah, a Book on Creation, or the Jewish Metaphysics of Remote Antiquity,” with notes and glossary, together with a “Sketch of the Talmud” (1877); of the Hebrew autobiography of Rabbi Jom Tow, or Lipman Heller (in the “Jewish Record,” Philadelphia, 1878); of Prof. Munk's celebrated “History of the Philosophy and Philosophical Authors of the Jews,” from the French (1881); and of the “Ha-Tapnach,” an imitation of Plato's “Phaedor,” ascribed to Aristotle the Stagyrite, from the Hebrew (New York, 1885). His contributions to Talmudical lexicography were published in the “London Jewish Chronicle” (1867); and in the “Literatur-Blatt” (Magdeburg, Germany, 1880). See “Der deutsche Pioneer” (Cincinnati, 1873).
KALM, Peter, botanist, b. in Ostro Bothnia, Sweden, in 1715; d. in Abo, Sweden, 16 Nov., 1779. He was educated at Upsala and Abo, and after travelling extensively in Russia, was sent by the Swedish government, at the suggestion of Linnaeus, to investigate the botany and natural history of North America. Landing in Philadelphia in 1748, he spent three years in Pennsylvania, New York, and Canada, and returning to Abo became a professor of natural history there. He was afterward elected a member of the Stockholm academy of sciences, and created knight of the Order of Vasa.
