French passports that opened him access to the Spanish dominions. From 1757 till 1759 Klüber visited the West Indies, Cuba, Porto Rico, Jamaica, Saint Christopher, Saint Thomas, and Saint Croix, going afterward to Cayenne, and crossed Brazil to Buenos Ayres in 1759-'61, returning home in July, 1761. He published "Abhandlung von einigen in Cuba gefundenen Beinen" (Gotha, 1762); "Reisen im Innern von Cuba, Santo Domingo, Sanct Thomas, und Guiana" (2 vols., Dessau, 1762); "Reisen in Sued Brazil" (Gotha, 1764); and "Hundert Tage auf Reisen in Sanct Christophe" (1764).
KNAPP, Francis, scholar, b. in England in 1672; d. after 1715. His father, George, a captain in the British navy, commanded a ninety-gun ship on the American coast in the early part of the 18th century. The son came to the United States to take possession of some lands that he had inherited from his grandfather in Watertown, Mass., where he passed his life in scholarly pursuits. He was a musical composer, and the author of "A Poetical Epistle to Mr. B.," reprinted in J. Nichols's "Select Collection of Poems" (Boston, 1780), and of a poetical "Address to Mr. Alexander Pope, on his Windsor Forest," dated 17 June, 1715, which appears in the first and subsequent editions of Pope's works. Samuel L. Knapp, in his "American Biography," claims that this address was an American production; but a note by William Roscoe, in his edition to Pope, says it was written in Killala, Ireland.
KNAPP, Jacob, clergyman, b. in Otsego county, N. Y., 7 Dec., 1799; d. in Rockford, Ill., 2 March, 1874. He was educated at Madison university, was ordained to the Baptist ministry in 1825, and settled in Springfield, N. Y., where he began to preach, and at the same time engaged in farming and business, and became so successful that he was accused of want of zeal in his profession. In 1830 he removed to Watertown, N. Y., and in 1832 gave up secular employment and began to labor as an evangelist on his own responsibility, preaching first in barns and school-houses. In his revival work he visited New York, New England, and the western states, including California, preached about 16,000 sermons, led 200 young men to become clergymen, and baptized 4,000 persons. Vast numbers attended his meetings, and such excitement prevailed that mobs often threatened him and his hearers, and the protection of the police was called for to prevent serious disturbances. His preaching was characterized by fiery metaphors and denunciation of sin, his energy increasing with his excitement, so that, to quote his own words, "he was able to shake sermons from his sleeves." He left his property to his church. He published a few sermons, and wrote an autobiography which was never printed.
KNAPP, Jacob Hermann, b. in Dauborn, Prussia, 17 March, 1832. His father, John, was a member of the Prussian house of representatives and the German reichstag. The son was educated in Germany, France, and England, was graduated in medicine at Giessen, Germany, in 1854, and in 1860-'8 was professor and lecturer on ophthalmology in the University of Heidelberg. At the latter date he resigned, and, removing to the United States, settled in New York city. He founded the New York ophthalmic and aural institute in 1869, and since that date has been its surgeon. He was also surgeon to the New York charity hospital in 1872, the same year was consulting oculist to the department of public charities, and in 1876 became lecturer on eye and ear diseases in the New York college of physicians and surgeons. He founded in 1869, with Prof. Moos, of Heidelberg, "The Archives of Ophthalmology and Otology," an international scientific monthly (Wiesbaden and New York). In 1874 he was president of the New York pathological society. His publications include "Curvature of the Cornea of the Human Eye" (Heidelberg, 1859): "Intraocular Tumors" (Carlsruhe, 1868; New York, 1869); "Cocaine and its Use in Ophthalmic and General Surgery" (New York, 1885); "Investigations on Fermentation, Putrefaction, and Suppuration" (1886); "Cataract Extraction without Iridectomy" (1887); and reports on "A Series of One Thousand Successive Cases of Cataract Extraction without Iridectomy" (1887).
KNAPP, Mathias, German explorer, b. in Werden in 1752; d. in Fulda, Hesse-Cassel, in 1814. He was educated in Munich, appointed in 1776 professor of natural history in the College of Erlangen, and was called to fill the same chair at the University of Munich in 1782. In the following year he was chosen president of the scientific expedition that was sent to South America by the Duke of Bavaria. He made a thorough survey of the Andes, visited Brazil in its most remote parts, resided in Venezuela in 1787-'9, studying the ethnography of that country, and afterward visited the Guianas, Peru, Chili, the Andes, Patagonia, and the Argentine Republic. He returned in 1792, and, resigning his professorship, devoted his time to the publication of the materials he had collected during his ten years' travels through South America. He afterward removed to Fulda, where he resided till his death. Among his works are "Origines gentis Americanorum" (Munich, 1795); "De usu et ratione experimentorum in perficienda historia naturalis" (Dresden, 1796); "Versuch über die Zeitrechnung der Vorwelt"(Leipsic, 1796); "Reisen im Südwesten von Brazilien" (2 vols., 1797); "Geschichte der Entdeckung Amerikas" (3 vols., 1798); "Reisen nach Amerika" (3 vols., 1801); "Guianische Skizzen" (Dresden, 1804); "Reise durch Peru und Chile" (2 vols., Leipsic, 1805); and "Die Chemie und ihre Anwendung auf das praktische Leben" (Dresden, 1808).
KNAPP, Samuel Lorenzo, author, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 19 Jan., 1783; d. in Hopkinton, Mass., 8 July, 1838. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1804, studied law with Chief-Justice Theophilus Parsons, and attained to eminence in his profession. During the war of 1812 he commanded a regiment of militia on the coast defences. He became editor of the "Boston Gazette" in 1824, also conducting the "Boston Monthly Magazine," and in 1826 he established the "National Republican," on the failure of which, two years afterward, he removed to New York city, and returned to the practice of his profession. His works, which are chiefly biographical, include "Travels in North America by Ali Bey" (Boston, 1818); "Biographical Sketches of Eminent Lawyers, Statesmen, and Men of Letters" (1821); "Memoirs of Gen. Lafayette" (1824); "The Genius of Freemasonry" (Providence, 1828); "Discourse on the Life and Character of De Witt Clinton" (1828); "Lectures on American Literature" (New York, 1829); "Sketches of Public Characters by Ignatius Loyola Robertson, LL. D. " (1830); "American Biography" (1833); a revised edition of John Hinton's "History of the United States" (1834); "Life of Thomas Eady" (1834); "Advice in the Pursuit of Literature" (1835); "Memoir of the Life of Daniel Webster" (1835); "Life of Aaron Burr" (1835); "Life of Andrew Jackson" (1835); "The Bachelor, and Other Tales" (1836); and "Female Biography" (Philadelphia, 1843). He edited "The Library of American History" (New York, 1837).
