received orders to attack the pirates that were ravaging the southern coast of Santo Domingo. He discharged this duty with a firmness and justice that gained him the respect of the Spaniards and English, and in a short time the territory under his control grew populous and prosperous. In 1691 trouble arose in the colony of Santo Domingo, and Laurent was summoned to its defence in 1692. He raised a body of over 2,000 of his followers, and the mere rumor of his approach caused the Spaniards to retreat after advancing within fifteen leagues of the cape. In 1693 he rendered still more important services to the colony, which was again threatened by the Spaniards. When Jamaica was attacked in 1694, Laurent, sword in hand, carried the important post of Ouatirou and was instrumental in the success of the French. The English now united with the Spaniards, and, a united attack being made on several points in Santo Domingo, Laurent, who was now lieutenant of the king, was charged with the defence of Port-du-Paix and the interior of the country. On this occasion he exhibited an indolence by which his enemies profited. The cape was taken and the French army obliged to retreat from Port-du-Paix. Laurent's wife fell into the hands of the Spaniards, who held her prisoner for many years in Santo Domingo, and released her only on the reiterated demands of the court of France. Although Laurent was intrusted with other missions, his conduct in the affair of Port-du-Paix finally lost him his post; but he was appointed captain of a frigate, and was frequently employed in piloting fleets in the Gulf of Mexico and the Antilles on account of his knowledge of these seas.
LAURIE, James, clergyman, b. in Edinburgh,
Scotland, 11 Feb., 1778 ; d. in Washington, D. C,
18 April, 1853. He was educated at the Univer-
sity of Edinburgh and licensed to preach in 1800.
About 1802 the Rev. John M. Mason, who was then
in Scotland, urged him to emigrate to the United
States and enter the service of the Associate Re-
formed church. This denomination had formed a
new congregation in Washington, D. C, of which
Mr. Laurie was installed pastor in June, 1803. For
several years he preached in the old treasury build-
ing, which was burned by the British in 1814. He
labored to build a church, and travelled from Bos-
ton, Mass., to Savannah to solicit aid with such
success that in 1807 a brick edifice was opened for
service, which was the second Protestant church in
Washington. He held charge of this pastorate for
forty-six years, and was also employed in the treas-
ury, holding office till his death. Williams gave
him the degree of D. D. in 1815.
LAURIE, James, civil engineer, b. in Bells
Quarry, Scotland, 9 May, 1811; d. in Hartford,
Conn., 16 March, 1875. He was a maker of philo-
sophical instruments, and followed that business
abroad until 1832, when he came to the United
States with James P. Kirkwood, and was associated
with him in the location of various railroads. Sub-
sequently he became chief engineer in charge of
the construction of the Norwich and Worcester
railroad, and later of the New Jersey Central rail-
road. Mr. Laurie was employed on surveys of rail-
roads in Nova Scotia, and as consulting engineer
for the state of Massachusetts on the Hoosac tun-
nel. He then turned his attention to bridge-con-
struction, and built the wrousjht-iron bridge across
the Connecticut river at Windsor Locks, which
was one of the first of its kind in the United States.
Thereafter he was employed chiefly as a consulting
engineer concerning bridges, on which he was re-
garded as the highest authority in this country up
to the time of his death. Mr. Laurie was active in
promoting the formation of the American society
of civil engineers in 1852, and he was elected
the first president of that society, which office he
held continuously until 1867.
LAURIE, John Wimburn, British soldier, b.
in London, 1 Oct., 1835. He was graduated at the
Royal military college at Sandhurst in 1853. He
entered the army as an ensign in September, 1853,
was promoted lieutenant-colonel in 1860, colonel in
1862, and major-general in September, 1882. He
was inspector and commander of the military dis-
trict of Nova Scotia in 1862-'80, and of the district
of British Columbia in 1880-1. Gen. Laurie served
through the Crimean campaign in 1854-'6, and was
twice wounded, and, as a staff officer, was with the
field force in central India during the Sepoy rebel-
lion in 1858-60. He also served in the Transvaal
campaign in South Africa in 1881, in the north-
west Canadian half-breed rebellion, was major-
general commanding lines of communication in
1885, and as Red cross commissioner in the Servo-
Bulgarian war of 1885-6. Gen. Laurie, in addition
to other decorations, has received the Turkish order
of Medjidie, the Servian order of St. Gava, and the
Red cross of Servia for saving life. He owns a
large landed property at Oakfield, Halifax co..
Nova Scotia, and in the intervals of his military
career has been an experimenter on a large scale in
agricultural science and practice, and lectures fre-
quently on agricultural and military subjects.
LAURIE, Thomas, missionary, b. in Edinburgh,
Scotland, 19 May, 1821. He came to the United
States in 1830 and sailed from Boston as mission-
ary to the Mountain Nestorians, returning in 1846
on account of impaired health. He was the author
of " Dr. Grant and the Mountain Nestorians " (Bos-
ton, 1853 ; 2d ed., 1856).
LAURIER, Wilfrid, Canadian statesman, b. in St. Lin, Quebec. 20 Nov., 1841. He was educated at L'Assomption college, graduated in law at McGill university in 1864, and admitted to the bar of Lower Canada in 1865. He represented Drummond and Arthabaska in the Quebec assembly from 1871 till January, 1874, when he resigned, and was elected to the Dominion parliament. He was appointed minister of inland revenue in the Mackenzie government in September, 1877, which place he held till the resignation of the government in 1878. He was defeated in Drummond and
Arthabaska upon appealing to his constituents, but was elected immediately afterward for Quebec, East. He was re-elected in 1878, 1882, and at the last general election. 22 Feb., 1887. Soon after this election Edward Blake retired from the leadership of the Liberal party in Canada, and M. Laurier was chosen to succeed him. The choice did not prove
satisfactory to many of the Liberals, and by the majority of the party it was regarded as merely temporary. He was violently outspoken in his denunciation of the execution of Louis Riel, and demanded the latter's exemption from punishment, not upon the plea of his innocence or irresponsibility, but simply on the ground of his nationality. M. Laurier is the leader of the "Rouge " or French Canadian section of the Liberal party in the Do-
minion. He at one time edited "Le Defricheur," is an earnest advocate of temperance, and was a delegate to the Dominion prohibitory convention at Montreal in 1875.
LAUSSAT, Antony, lawver, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1806 ; d. there, 2 Nov., 1833. His parents, Pierre Antoine and Jane de Laussat, were from Navarre. When the father became a citizen of the United States, he dropped the prefix from his
