LEWIS, Zachariah, scholar, b. in Wilton, Conn., 1 Jan., 1773 ; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 14 Nov., 1840. His father, Isaac, was a Congregational cler- gyman. Zachariah was graduated at Yale in 1794, was tutor there in 1796-'9, studied theology in Philadelphia under Rev. Ashbel Green, and at the same time was tutor in Gen. Washington's family. He was licensed to preach, but delicate health pre- vented his accepting a charge, and in 1803 he be- came editor of the New York " Commercial Adver- tiser " and of the New York " Spectator," continu- ing in this employment till 1820, when he began the publication of the " American Missionary Reg- ister." In 1814-'20 he was corresponding secretary of the New York religious tract society, out of which grew some years afterward the American tract society. At the latter date he took charge of the domestic correspondence of the United for- eign missionary society, continuing in this office till 1825. About this date he retired from active pursuits and devoted his time and means to chari- table objects. He published an oration before the Connecticut Society . of the Cincinnati in 1799 ; "Remarks on a Subterranean Wall in North Caro- lina " (Philadelphia, 1800); and the "Annual Re- ports of the New York Religious Tract Society from 1815 till 1820" (New York, 1815-'20).— His twin-brother, Isaac, d. in New York city, 23 Sept., 1854, became an eminent clergyman of the Presby- terian church, and was the author of numerous popular tracts, sermons, and addresses. Delaware college gave him the degree of D. D. in 1844.
LEYBURN, John, clergyman, b. in Lexington,
Va., 25 April, 1814. He was graduated at Wash-
ington college, Lexington, and at Princeton in
1833, and studied theology at Union theological
seminary, Va., and at Columbia, S. C. He then
organized a Presbyterian church in Gainesville,
Ala., and after remaining there two years went to
Petersburg, Va., where he served nine years, dur-
ing which time a new church was erected. He then
removed to Philadelphia, being appointed secretary
of the Presbyterian board of publication, changing
the character of its publications and enlarging its
operations. In 1847 he became half owner and
chief editor of the Philadelphia " Presbyterian."
At the opening of the civil war he went to the
south, and was secretary of the board of publica-
tion of the southern Presbyterian church. After
the war he settled in Baltimore, where he was pas-
tor for twenty years of an independent Presby-
terian church, of which he is now (1887) pastor
emeritus. He has travelled widely in Europe and
in oriental lands, and has contributed accounts of
his travels to the "New York Observer" and to
" The Presbyterian." Hampden Sidney gave him
the degree of D. D. in 1849. In addition to numer-
ous pamphlets, editorials, and reviews, he is the au-
thor of " The Soldier of the Cross " (New York,
1851 ; Edinburgh, 1853). He has just completed
" Hints to Young Men from the Parable of the
Prodigal Son," and has now (1887) in manuscript
" Lectures on the Journeyings of the Children of
Israel, from the Land of Bondage to the Land of
Promise," illustrated from his travels.
LEYDT, Johannes, clergyman, b. in Holland
in 1718 ; d. in New Brunswick, N. J., in 1783. He
emigrated to this country early in life with an
elder brother, settling in Dutchess county, near
Fishkill, N. Y., and, after studying theology, was
licensed in 1748, and he became pastor of the
united churches of New Brunswick and Six Mile
Run, N. J., which charges he held until his death.
In the conflict between the Coetus and the Confer-
entie he was actively identified with the former
party, which insisted upon the education of minis-
ters in this country and upon an independent
church organization separate from the Reformed
church of the mother-country. During the Revo-
lution he was a firm patriot, preaching boldly upon
the questions of the time, arousing much enthusi-
asm and advising the young men to join the army
of freedom. He was active in the founding of
Queens (now Rutgers) college in 1770, and was one
of its trustees. His publications are " True Liberty
the Way to Peace" (Philadelphia, 1760) and "A
Defence of True Liberty the Way to Peace" (1762).
Several pamphlets on the church question men-
tioned above, with replies by Johannes Ritzema,
and a letter of the synod of North Holland in 1765
condemning the Coetus, were collected in a vol-
ume, and are in the Sage library in New Bruns-
wick. They have been translated by Rev. Maurice
G. Hansen, of Coxsackie, and are now (1887) pre-
pared for publication.
LEYPOLDT, Frederick, bibliographer, b. in
Stuttgart, Germany, 17 Nov., 1835; d. in New York
city, 31 March, 1884. He had an early liking for
the drama and books, and when a boy wrote a play,
which he offered unsuccessfully to German managers.
He left school in 1851, and in 1854, making
his way to the United States, entered the service
of a bookseller in New York. In 1859 he established
himself in business, opening a bookstore and
reading-room in Philadelphia, and in 1863 he began to
publish, first translations of foreign books, and
afterward foreign text-books with English notes.
In January, 1866, with Henry Holt, he established
the firm of Leypoldt and Holt; but in 1868, though
the firm-name continued much longer, he determined
to devote himself personally to bibliographical
work. The monthly “Literary Bulletin,” his
first periodical, which he established in 1868,
became in 1870 the “Trade Circular”; in January,
1872, it absorbed George W. Childs's “Publishers'
Circular,” and was issued weekly, and in 1873 it
became the “Publishers' Weekly.” Mr. Leypoldt
published an “American Catalogue” for 1869, and
in 1876 he began work on the American catalogue
proper, which was completed in 1880. His
“Publishers' Uniform Trade-List Annual” was begun in
1873, the “Literary News” in 1875, the “Library Journal” in 1876, and the “Index Medicus,” a
monthly medical bibliography, in 1880. He was
among the founders of the American book-trade
union in 1875, and of the American library
association in 1876. Under the anagram of “F. Pylodet”
he edited a successful series of French text-books,
and he wrote also some German verse and
some translations into German.
LHERMINIER, Felix Louis (lair'-meen'-yay'), French naturalist, b. in Paris, 18 May, 1779; d. there in October, 1833. After studying under the ablest professors of chemistry and natural history in Paris, he went to the island of Guadeloupe in 1795, where he devoted himself to his favorite sciences, making a thorough investigation of the varieties of plants and of the mineral and entomological productions of the country. He was compelled to leave Guadeloupe in consequence of the troubles that ensued on the change of government in 1815, came to South Carolina, and afterward went to the island of St. Bartholomew. When peace was restored he resumed his scientific pursuits in Guadeloupe till 1829, when he returned to France. His works are " Recherches sur l'appareil sternal des oiseaux, considere sous le double rapport de l'osteologie et la myologie, suivies d'un essai sur la distribution de cette classe de vertebres " (Paris,
1827) ; " Memoire sur le guacharo de la caverne de
