approved of the translations of the catechism and other religious works into Quichua and Aymara, the principal languages of Peru. He announced to the secular clergy, some of whom had fallen into disorderly habits, that he had obtained an ordi- nance from the emperor empowering him to grant ecclesiastical benefices to the priests of his diocese, or withdraw them, without having recourse to the viceroy or members of the royal audience. While he was thus occupied with the affairs of his dio- cese, a new rebellion arose headed by Francisco Her- nandez Giron, a wealthy Spaniard, who was dissat- isfied with his share of the plunder after the death of Pizarro. The viceroy Mendoza being dead, the archbishop put himself at the head of an army and marched against the rebels. He was obliged to re- turn to Lima during the campaign ; but the rebels were defeated and Giron taken and executed. As soon as peace was restored he visited every part of his diocese to remedy the evils produced by civil war. He was entirely successful, being, according to the historian Melendez, " as fit for the things of peace as for those of war. He could command an army of soldiers as well as he could govern a dio- cese." The great work of his life, however, was the erection of the hospital of St. Anne for Indi- ans, which still exists in Lima. To effect this he sold all his possessions, and when the building was finished he brought call the Indians attacked by disease whom he could find in the city and then established himself in a poor room in order to be within reach of the dying. As the revenues of his archbishopric were insufficient for the support of the hospital, he begged from door to door in Lima and appealed for help to Europe. He died in the hospital a few months after he had made the ar- rangements to assure its continuance.
LOBECK, Justus Florian, German naturalist,
b. in Germany; d. in Santiago, Chili, in August,
1869. He was long a resident in Chili, where he
had made large contributions to natural science,
and was for several years professor of natural
history in the University of Santiago.
LOBO, Martin, Mexican clergyman, b. in Mexi-
co about 1580 ; d. in Trujillo, Central America, in
1642. He entered the order of St. Francis, and
early in the 17th century was sent as superior to
the convent of Guatemala, where he followed his
favorite study of mathematics, and soon acquired
fame as a cosmographer and hydraulic engineer.
The provincial of his order, believing that Lobo's
projects were worthy of consideration by the home
government, obtained the election of Lobo in 1641
as delegate of the order to the general council in
Rome to give him an opportunity to explain his
plans in Madrid. Lobo set out for the Atlantic
coast of Honduras to await an opportunity for
sailing, but died of fever in the convent of Tru-
jillo. His manuscripts were sent to Spain, and,
although Father Vasquez in his "Cronica" says
that he has seen them, they are lost or hidden in
the government archives in Spain. They are " Ar-
bitrios para que en el Reino de Guatemala se cojan
todos los frutos, yerbas y plantas de Europa y
todo el Mundo," an essay favoring the acclimatiza-
tion of foreign plants in Central America, and
" Medios y modo de juntar el Mar del Norte con el
del Sur, para el paso de los Gal eon es de Espana
hasta el Callao de Lima, sin necesidad de buscar
el Estrecho de Magallanes," probably the first
work describing the project of an interoceanic
canal. Although neither the author nor Father
Vasquez mentions the location of the projected
canal, it is probable that the Nicaragua route was
proposed, as the author had travelled there for
many years and made observations. Some believe
that Lobo's work is identical with a manuscript
that has been found in the National library of
Mexico, without name or exact date, which treats
of a projected canal between the rivers Coatzaco-
alcos and Tehuantepec
LOCHMAN, John George, clergyman, b. in
Philadelphia, Pa., 2 Dec, 1773: d. in Harrisburg,
Pa., 10 Julv, 1826. He was graduated at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania in 1789 and was licensed
to preach in 1794, and became pastor of the Lu-
theran congregation at Lebanon, Pa., where he la-
bored for twenty-one years, also serving several
congregations in the vicinity. In 1815 he became
pastor at Harrisburg, where he remained until his
death. He was president of the first convention of
the general synod held at Frederick, Md., in 1821.
He devoted much time to the preparation of young
men for the ministry, and many of his students oc-
cupied high offices in his church. He published a
" Farewell Sermon " (Lebanon, Pa., 1815) ; " Intro-
ductory Sermon " (Harrisburg, Pa., 1815) ; " History,
Doctrine, and Discipline of the Lutheran Church "
(1818) ; " Evangelical Catechism " (1822) ; and vari-
ous sermons and addresses. — His son, Augustus
Herman, b. in Lebanon, Pa., 5 Oct., 1802, was grad-
uated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1823,
and studied theology under his father. After his
ordination by the ministerium of Pennsylvania he
became pastor of the Lutheran church at Harris-
burg, Pa., as his father's successor, • after having
charge of the Lutheran congregation at York, Pa.,
which he served for forty-four years. He has trans-
lated several volumes from the German, which have
been published by the Lutheran board of publica-
tion, Philadelphia, in its " Fatherland " series.
LOCHRANE, Osborne Augustus, jurist, b. in
Middletown, Armagh, Ireland, 22 Aug., 1829 ; d.
in Atlanta, Ga., 17 June, 1887. He arrived in New
York, 21 Dec, 1846, and soon afterward went to
Athens, Ga., where he studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1849. He began practice in
Savannah in March, 1850, but removed to Macon
in October of that year. In September, 1861, he
was appointed judge of the Macon circuit, and
twice re-elected by the legislature to the same
office, but resigned in 1865. He then removed to
Atlanta, and in August, 1870, became judge of
that circuit. In January, 1871, he was appointed
chief justice of the supreme court of the state, but
resigned in December of that year and resumed
practice at the bar. He was a popular public
speaker, and many of his speeches and orations
have been published in pamphlet-form.
LOCKE, David Ross, satirist, b. in Vestal,
Broome co., N. Y., 20 Sept., 1833; d. in Toledo,
Ohio, 15 Feb., 1888. He received a common-school
education, and learned the printer's trade in Cort-
land. After being connected with several western
papers as a local reporter, he was successively edi-
tor and publisher in Ohio, from 1852 to 18*60, of
the Plymouth " Advertiser," Mansfield " Herald,"
Bucyrus "Journal," and Findlay " Jeffersonian."
In the last named he published in 1860, under the
signature of " Rev. Petroleum Vesuvious Nasby." a
letter purporting to come from an ignorant and
penniless Kentucky Democrat, who was devoted to
free whiskey and the perpetuation of slavery, and
who desired to be a postmaster. The development
of this character resulted in the long series of
" Nasby " letters, which were soon transferred to
the " Toledo Blade," of which their author became
a proprietor and editor. At the close of the war
George S. Boutwell said in a speech at Cooper Union
that the crushing of the rebellion could be credited
