to pass the nullification act, which placed the state in collision with the Federal government. He was appointed by Gov. Hayne, his successor, to the command of the troops raised for the defence of the state under the nullification act. He subse- quently removed to Texas, and took an active part in securing the recognition of that republic by Great Britain and France, where he acted as its representative in 1841. and was also instrumental in securing its admission into the Union. He was a U. S. senator-elect from Texas at the time of his death, which was the result of a collision between the steamships " Galveston " and " Opelousas," in the latter of which he was a passenger. Mr. Hamilton could have been saved had he not yielded his place to a lady among the passengers. He was one of the founders of the " Southern Quarterly Review," and of the Bank of Charleston, and took an active part in promoting railroad enterprises, and in the extension of southern commerce.
HAMILTON, James, philanthropist, b. in Car-
lisle, Pa., 16 Oct., 1793 ; d. there, 23 Jan., 1873. He
was graduated at Dickinson college in 1812, and,
having studied law, was admitted to the bar in
1816. He labored assiduously in the cause of edu-
cation and was for many years a trustee of Dickin-
son college. He was possessed of ample means,
gave largely to charitable and religious organiza-
tions, and was throughout his life a friend and
helper of the poor. Besides several tracts and
small books, Mr. Hamilton was the author of
" Notes on Prophecy," which appeared anonymous-
ly (1859), and "The Two Pilgrims" (1871).
HAMILTON, James, artist, b. in Ireland in
1819; d. 10 March, 1878. While he was a boy his
parents emigrated to Philadelphia, where he be-
came a teacher of drawing, at the same time study-
ing painting. He went, to London in 1754, and
after his return to Philadelphia, two years later,
was employed in the illustration of books. He
furnished illustrations for Dr. Kane's " Arctic Ex-
plorations," the "Arabian Nights," Coleridge's
" Ancient Mariner," and other popular works. His
best pictures are "Capture of the Serapis," "Old
Ironsides," " Wrecked Hopes," " Egyptian Sunset,"
"Morning off Atlantic City," and "Moonlight
Scene near Venice." He was particularly success-
ful in his marine views.
HAMILTON, John, Canadian senator, b. in
ijueenston, Ontario, in 1802 ; d. 10 Oct., 1882. He
was the son of Robert Hamilton, a native of Scot-
land, who had been active in public affairs in
Canada. The son was educated at Queenston and
in Edinburgh, Scotland, and at the age of eighteen
entered a mercantile house in Montreal as a clerk.
He afterward returned to Queenston, and became
a builder and owner of steamboats. He owned the
" Frontenac," the first steamer that sailed on Lake
Ontario, and built the " Lord Sydenham." the first
large boat that ever ran the rapids of the St. Law-
rence. For years he made a determined resistance
to the Grand Trunk railway in its efforts to secure
the carrying-trade of Upper Canada. He retired
from business in 1862. In January, 1831, he be-
came a member of the legislative council of Canada,
and remained in public life for over half a century
afterward. On 29 Jan., 1881, the fiftieth anniver-
sary of his elevation to the council, he was presented
by his colleagues with an address, in which his
services to Canada were referred to with apprecia-
tion. He was chairman of the trustees of Queen's
college from 1841 till his death.
HAMILTON, John, Canadian merchant, b. near
Quebec, Canada, in 1827; d. in Montreal, 3 April,
1887. He was educated in Montreal, and became a
member of the firm of Hamilton Brothers, lumber-
merchants. Mr. Hamilton was warden of the
counties of Prescott and Russell for three years.
He represented Inkerman in the legislative* council
of Canada from 1860 until the union, when he was
called to the senate.
HAMILTON, John McLure, artist, b. in Phila-
delphia, Pa., in 1853. He studied in the Royal
academy at Antwerp under Van Lerins, and in
the Ecole des beaux-arts, Paris. He began his
professional life in 1875 in his native city. Asso-
ciated with others, he published in 1878 " L'acade-
mie pour rire," founded on the French publication
of the same title, which attracted some attention,
being the first work of its kind issued in America.
His most important painting is "Le rire," which
was exhibited in the National academy in New
York in 1877, and at the Paris exposition in 1878.
HAMILTON, John William, clergyman, b. in
Weston, W. Va.. 18 March, 1845. He was gradu-
ated at Mount Union college, Ohio, in 1865, and at
Boston university in 1871. He entered the minis-
try of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in 1871
founded the " People's church " in Boston. Mr.
Hamilton is the author of " Memorial of Jesse
Lee" (1875); "Lives of the Methodist Bishops"
(1883); and " People's Church Pulpit" (1884).
HAMILTON, Kate, author, b. in Schenectady,
N. Y. She resided for a time in New Jersey, after-
ward in Massachusetts, but was educated in Steu-
benville, Ohio. She has written for various papers
and magazines, often under the pen-name of
"Fleeta," and has published many Sunday-school
books, including "Chinks of Clannvford," "Grey-
cliffe," "Brave Heart," "Blue Umbrella," "Old
Brown House," " The Shadow of the Rock,"
" Norah Neil," and " Frederick Gordon."
HAMILTON, Morgan Calvin, senator, b. near
Huntsville, Ala., 25 Feb., 1809. He received a
common-school education, and removed to the re-
public of Texas in 1837, where he was a clerk in
the war department in 1839-'45, and during the
greater part of the last three years was acting sec-
retary of war. He was appointed comptroller of
the state treasury in September, 1867, was a dele-
gate to the constitutional convention of 1868, and
on the reconstruction of the state was elected to
the U. S. senate as a Republican, and was re-elected, serving from 1870 till 1877. — His brother,
Andrew Jackson, politician, b. in Madison county,
Ala., 28 Jan., 1815 ; d. in Austin, Texas, 10 April,
1875. He was educated at a common school, and
subsequently worked for a time on his father's
farm. He afterward engaged in business, but was
for some years clerk of the circuit court of his na-
tive county, and then became a lawyer. He settled
in Texas in 1846, practised law many years in Aus-
tin, was attorney-general of the state, and a presi-
dential elector on the Buchanan ticket in 1856.
He subsequently became a Republican, and was
elected to congress, serving in 1859-'61. He op-
posed the secession of Texas, and during the early
part of the war lived in the north. On 14 Nov.,
1862, he was made brigadier-general of U. S. volun-
teers, and in the same year appointed military gov-
ernor of Texas. He was sent to command troops
at Matamoras. President Johnson made him pro-
visional governor in 1865, and in 1866 he became a
justice of the supreme court. He was an independ-
ent candidate for governor of Texas in 1869, but
was defeated.
HAMILTON, Paul, statesman, b. in St. Paul's parish. S. C., 16 Oct., 1762; d. in Beaufort, S. C., 30 June, 1816. He rendered important services during the Revolution ; was comptroller of South
