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the Army of the Cumberland, to which office he has been re-elected every year since. Gen. Cist has contributed to periodicals many articles on the civil war, among which are "Cincinnati with the War Fever"; and "The Romance of Shiloh." He edited all but vols. ii. and iii. of "Reports of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland" (Cincinnati, 17 vols., 1868-'85), and is the author of “The Army of the Cumberland" (New York, 1882).

ClUDAD REAL, Antonio, missionary, b. in Ciudad Real, Spain, in 1551 ; d. in Yucatan, Mexi- co, 5 July, 1617. He entered the Franciscan order at the convent of San Juan de los Reyes (Toledo), and accompanied Bishop Diego Landa to Yucatan in 1573. Afterward he was a missionary in Yuca- tan and became noted for his skill in the Indian dialects of that country, and later was appointed provincial of his order there. He published several vocabularies, one of which, " Vocabularium Calepi- num " (of the Maya language), still extant, is said to have cost him forty years' work (6 vols.). He also published " Sermones de Sanctis," in the Maya language, and " Tratado curioso de las grandezas de la Neuva Espana."

CLAFLIN, Horace Brigham, merchant, b. in Milford, Mass., 18 Dec, 1811 ; d. in Fordham, N. Y., 14 Nov., 1885. He was the son of John Claflin, a general country storekeeper, farmer, and justice of the peace, and received his education at the com- mon school and Milford academy. His first busi- ness experience was as a clerk in Jiis father's em- ploy, and in 1831, with his brother Aaron and his brother-in-law, Samuel Daniels, he succeeded to his father's business. In 1832 they opened a dry-goods store in Worces- ter, in connection with their establish- ment in Milford. This venture proved successful, and in 1833 Aaron took the Milford store, leaving the other partners in exclu- sive possession of the Worcester busi- ness. In 1843 Hor- ace removed to New York, and, with William F.Bulkley, organized the house of Bulkley & Claf- lin and began a wholesale dry -goods

business at No. 46

Cedar street. In 1850 the firm built a store at No. 57 Broadway, which they occupied from January, 1851, until '1853. Mr. Bulkley retired from the partnership in July, 1851, when, with William H. Mellen and several of his principal clerks, he continued his business as Clafiin, Mellen & Co. Meanwhile their trade increased very rapidly, and larger aecoiiimodation became necessary. Mr. Claflin, with others, then erected the Trinity build- ing, at No. Ill Broadway, whither the business was transferred. In 1861 another change was necessary, and the enormous warehouse on Worth street, extending from Church street to West Broadway, was secured. The beginning of the civil war, coming suddenly at this time, found the firm's assets largely locked up and rendered almost worthless, and they were compelled to ask from their creditors an extension of time in which to settle their accounts. These liabilities were sub- sequently paid with interest long before maturity, and the house entered upon a career of unparal- leled jjrospei'ity. At the beginning of 1864 Mr. Mellen retired from the firm, which then adopted the style of H. B. Claflin & Co. The panic of 1873 again caused the flrin to ask their creditors lor an extension of five months, with interest added in settlement of their open accounts. Notwithstand- ing the enormous amounts that they were unable to collect at that time, no paper with their name on it went to protest, and their notes were all paid in three months, sixty days before maturity. Dur- ing a single year the sales of this house have amounted to $72,000,000; and the ability of Mr. Claflin may be judged by the magnitude of the business, which from 1865 to the time of his death far exceeded that of any other commercial house in the world. He was a man of domestic habits and of exemplary life, fond of books and of horses. Almost daily, no matter what the weather might be, he drove from ten to twenty miles. He was prominently associated with Mr. Beecher's church in Brooklyn, where he resided during the winter. His acts of charity were frequent and unostenta- tious, and to many of the benevolent institutions of Brooklyn he was a liberal donor. It was a great satisfaction to him to assist young men, and prob- ably no other person in the United States aided so many beginners with money and credit until they were able to sustain themselves. In politics he was a strong republican until the canvass of 1884, when he supported the democratic candidate for the presidency. Mr. Claflin was a man of very strong convictions, and in 1850, when it cost some- thing to be known as an opponent of slavery, he was an uncompromising friend of freedom. See " Ti'ibute of the Chamber of Commerce to the Memory of Horace B. Claflin " (New York, 1880).

CLAFLIN, Lee, philanthropist, b. in Hopkinton, Mass., 19 Nov., 1791 ; d. in BostoTi, Mass., 23 Feb., 1871. He earl^ established a shoe-factory in Boston, and by his enterprise and industry accumulated a large fortune, Mr. Claflin became identified with education in consequence of his munificent gifts to various institutions of learning. Among those endowed by him were Wesleyan imiversity, Wilbraham academy, and Boston theological seminary. Prom 1853 till 1871 he was a trustee of Wesleyan university. His death was the result of an accident. — His son, William, governor of Massachusetts, b. in Milford, Mass., 6 March, 1818. He was educated in public schools and in Brown university. For many years he was engaged in the wholesale boot and shoe business in St. Louis, Mo., and afterward, in Boston, Mass,, was a member of the state legislature in 1849-'53, state senator in 1860-'l, and presiding officer during his last term, lieutenant-governor in 1866-'9, and governor in 1869-'71. He became a member of the republican national executive committee In 1864, and was its chairman from 1868 till 1872. He was elected as a republican to congress, and served twice, from 15 Oct., 1877, till 4 March, 1881. In 1868 he received the degree of LL. D. from Weslevan university.

CLAGGETT, Thomas John, P. E. bishop, b. in Prince George county, Md., 2 Oct., 1742 ; d. in Croom, Md., 3 Aug., 1816. He was graduated at Princeton in 1762, and studied theology, but, as there were no bishops in America, was compelled to go to England for orders. He was ordained deacon 20 Sept., 1767, priest 11 Oct., 1767, and, on returning home, was appointed to the rectorship of All Saints' church, Calvert county, Md. Here he con-