crown, rejected a proposition that authorized vot- ing by ballot, and favorably considered a bill of supplies for troops that were quartered in the city to overawe its inhabitants, he issued an address entitled " A Son of Liberty to the Betrayed Inhabi- tants of the Colony." which was voted by the as- sembly to be " an infamous and seditious libel," and for which its author was arrested and impris- oned for twenty-three weeks in what is now the register's office." thus becoming the first martyr in the patriot cause. On being set at liberty, he cor- responded with the leading spirits in all parts of the country, and presided, on 6 July, 1774, at the meeting " in the fields " that was held preparatory to the election of delegates to the 1st Continental congress. He was appointed colonel of the 1st New York regiment, 30 June, 1776, brigadier-gen- eral on the 9th of the following August, and ma- jor-general 20 Oct., 1777. He was actively engaged at Chatterton's Hill, near White Plains, N. Y., and in various places in New Jersey, and was in com- mand at Peekskill in 1 777, but was compelled to retreat before a superior British force that had been sent up the rivei' by Gen. Howe. He took part in the battles of White Marsh and of German- town. His military career was interrupted by his being sent as a delegate to the Continental con- gress, where he took his seat in September, 1780, and again in February, 1784. He was elected min- ister of marine by that body, but, preferring active service, he resigned to take the field again. After the close of the war he was elected to the New York senate, of which body he was a member at the time of his death. He was also the first presi- dent of the New York state society of the Cincin- nati. — His daughter, Elizabeth, married John Lau ranee, who presided as judge-advocate-general at the trial of Maj. Andre ; his son, John, died in the Canada expedition at the head of Lake Cham- plain in 1775 ; and his cousin, John, the son of John Macdougall, was blown up in the frigate " Ran- dolph," 33 guns, in its engagement with the British 64-gun frigate " Yarmouth " on 7 March, 1778. IacD0UGrALL, Charles, surgeon, b. in Chil- licothe, Ohio, 21 Sept., 1804; d. in Fairfield, Clark CO., Ya., 25 July, 1885. He studied medicine, re- moved to Indiana, and was appointed assistant sur- geon in the U. S. army. 13 July, 1832. He was pro- moted major and surgeon, 7 July, 1838, and brevet colonel, 29 Nov., 1864. He was with the mounted rangers in the Black Hawk war in 1833, served in the Creek and Seminole wars in 1838-'41, and was at the U. S. military academy from 1846 till 1848, when he was sent west and remained there until the beginning of the civil war. He was medical director of the Army of the Tennessee from April to September, 1862, when he was ordered to New York city, where he filled a similar office. On 13 March, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier-general "for faithful and meritorious service during the war." He was promoted lieutenant-colonel and as- sistant medical purvevor, 28 Jiilv, 1866, and retired, on 22 Feb., 1869.
McUOUGALL, James Alexander, senator, b.
in Bethlehem, Albany co., N. Y., 19 Nov., 1817; d.
in Albany, N. Y., 3 Sept., 1867. He was educated
at Albany grammar-school, studied law, and set-
tled in Pike county. 111., in 1837. He was attorney-
general of Illinois in 1842, and was re-elected in
1844. He then engaged in engineering, and in
1849 originated and accompanied an exploring
expedition to Rio del Norte, Gila, and Colorado
rivers, and subsequently settled in San Francisco
in the practice of law. He was elected attorney-
general of California in 1850, served several terms
in the legislature, and in 1852 was chosen to con-
gress as a Democrat, but declined a renomination
in 1853. He was elected U. S. senator in 1860,
served till 1867, and was chairman of the commit-
tee on the Pacific railroad. Mr. McDougall was a
War Democrat, and was a delegate to the Chicago
convention that nominated Gen. George B. McClel-
lan for president. On the expiration of his sena-
torial term he retired to Albany, N. Y. He was
an eloquent and effective speaker.
MACDOUGALL. John Lorn, Canadian official,
b. in Renfrew, Ontario, 6 Nov., 1838. His father,
of the same name, a native of Scotland, was in the
Hudson bay company's service, and represented
Renfrew county in the Canadian assembly. The
son was educated at the High-school, Montreal,
and at Toronto university, where he was gradu-
ated in 1859. After serving for a time as warden
of Renfrew county, he was elected to the Ontario
assembly for South Renfrew in 1867, served till
1871, and also represented that constituency in the
Dominion parliament from September, 1869, till
, when he was defeated. He was again elected
in 1873, and unseated on petition in September,
, but was re-elected in February, 1875. He re-
signed from his place in parliament on being ap-
pointed auditor-general of Canada, 2 Aug., 1878,
which office he still holds (1888).
MacDOUGALL, Sir Patrick Leonard, British
soldier, b. in Scotland in 1819. He entered the
British army in 1836, and was employed on special
service in the Crimea, and on the quartermaster-
general's staff in the Kertch expedition. He was
appointed general officer commanding the im-
perial forces in Canada, 21 Aug., 1878, and acted
as administrator of the Dominion government of
Canada from 19 Oct., 1878, when Lord Dufferin
departed for England, till the arrival of the new
governor-general, the Marquis of Lome. He again
was administrator during the absence of the Mar-
quis of Lome in England, from November, 1881,
till January, 1882, and also during his visit to the
United States, from 18 Dec, 1882, till January,
1883. Gen. MacDougall is the author of " The
Theory of War " (London, 1856) ; " Campaigns of
Hannibal " (1858) ; and " Modern Warfare as in-
fluenced by Modern Artillery " (1864).
MACDOUGALL, William, Canadian statesman, b. in Toronto, 25 Jan., 1822. His grand- father, John Macdougall, a native of Scotland and a United empire loyalist, served in the British commissariat during the American Revolution. William was educated at Toronto and at Yictoria college, Cobourg, studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Upper Canada as an attorney in 1847. Shortly afterward he engaged in journalism, establishing in 1848 the " Canada Farmer," and subsequently merging it in the " Canadian Agriculturist," which he continued to publish and edit until 1858. In 1850 he founded the " North American," a reform newspaper, of which he was managing editor until its absorption in the Toronto " Daily Globe " in 1857, and he was the leading political writer on the latter paper from 1857 till 1859. He represented North Oxford in the Canadian assembly from 1858 till 1863 ; North Ontario from 1863 till July, 1864; and North Lanark from November, 1864, till the union of 1867, when he was re-elected for the latter constituency to the Dominion parliament, and represented it till 1872, when he was defeated. He represented Halton county in the Dominion parliament from 1878 until the general election of 1882. He was elected for South Simcoe to the Ontario assembly in May, 1875, and represented it till his resignation in September, 1878.
