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co, and was engaged in examining the country between the city of Mexico and the Pacific ocean for coal and iron, also visiting the celebrated silver districts, and descending into the craters of Jo- rullo and Popocatepetl. He returned in July, 1857, to Bristol, where he remained for several years engaged in perfecting mechanical and chemi- cal inventions. In 1861 he became acting profes- sor of chemistry in Anaherst, but in the summer of 1862 he raised a company of volunteers, went to the front as caj^tain in the 16th Connecticut regi- ment, and was killed at the battle of the Antietam. Dr. Manross contributed scientiiic papers to the " American Journal of Science."

MANSFIELD, Charles Bashford, chemist, b. in Hampshire, England, 8 May, 1819 ; d. in London, 26 Feb., 1855. He was the son of a •clergyman, and was educated at Winchester and Clare Hall. Cambridge. From the time he left the iiniversity he devoted himself to chemistry and dynamics, finding recreation in ornithology, geology, mesmerism, and even " old magic." After many struggles he succeeded, in 1855. in obtaining a patent for a valuable chemical discovery, and while making experiments he met with an acci- dent that caused his death. In May, 1852, he sailed for Paraguay, and was one of the first Eng- lishmen to enter tlie country after the fall of Juan Manual de Rosas and the British government had decided to recognize its independence. After his death Mr. Mansfield's private letters, descriptive of his journey, were published under the title of " Paraguay, Brazil, and the Platte," with a memoir by the Rev. Charles Kingsley (London, 1856). " The Constitution of Salts." and other of his trea- tises, have also been published posthumously.

MANSFIELD, Jared, mathematician, b. in New Haven, Conn., 23 May, 1759; d. there, 3 Feb., 1830. He was graduated at Yale in 1777, and taught in New Haven and Philadelphia, making a reputation as a mathematician. He entered the regular army as captain of engineers, 3 May, 1802, and was promoted major, 11 June, 1805, and lieutenant-colonel, 25 Feb., 1808. He resigned on 23 July, 1810, was U.S. surveyor of Ohio and the Northwest territory from 1803 till 1812, and professor of natural and experimental philosophy in the U.S. military academy from the latter year till he resigned the chair, 31 Aug., 1828. In 1825 he received the degree of LL.D. from Yale. He is the author of “Essays, Mathematical and Physical” (New Haven, 1802). - His son, Edward Deering, author, b. in New Haven, Conn., 17 Aug., 1801; d. in Morrow, Ohio, 27 Oct., 1880, was graduated at the U.S. military academy in 1818, but instead of entering the army, pursued a classical course at Princeton, where he was graduated in 1822. He was admitted to the bar in Connecticut in 1825, and, removing to Ohio, practised in Cincinnati until 1835, when he accepted the professorship of constitutional law and history in Cincinnati college. Retiring from the practice of the law, he was editor of the “Cincinnati Chronicle” from 1836 till 1849, of the “Atlas” from 1849 till 1852. and of the “Railroad Record” from 1854 till 1872. While editing the “Chronicle” and “Atlas” he introduced the public to many young writers, among whom was Harriet Beecher Stowe. During the last twenty-five years of his life he was a regular contributor to the Cincinnati “Gazette.” He was long the correspondent of a New York journal, under the pen-name of “A Western Observer.” He served as commissioner of statistics for Ohio from 1859 till 1868, and was an associate of the French “Société de statistique universelle.” He wrote many treatises on mathematics, politics, education, and the early history of Ohio. His most interesting production is a volume of “Personal Memories,” extending to the year 1841 (1870). He received the degree of LL.D. from Marietta college, Ohio, in 1854. He was also the author of “A Discourse on the Utility of Mathematics”; “A Treatise on Constitutional Law” and “A Political Grammar of the United States” (Cincinnati, 1835); “The Legal Rights, Duties, and Liabilities of Married Women” (Salem, 1845); “The Life of Gen. Winfield Scott” (New York, 1848); “The History of the Mexican War” (1849); “American Education” (1851); “The Memoirs of Daniel Drake” (Cincinnati, 1855); and “A Popular Life of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant” (1868).

MANSFIELD, John Brainard, author, b. in Andover, Windsor co., Vt., 6 March, 1826 ; d. in Effingham, Atchison co., Kan., 29 Oct., 1886. He received an academic education, and was for sev- eral years engaged in canvassing for books and maps. He published, with Austin J. Cooledge, the first volume of a "History of the New England States," embracing Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont (Boston, 1860), but the civil war prevent- ed the appearance of the second and remaining volume, which had been prepared for the press. After establishing a weekly paper called the " New England Meridian," in each number of which the muster-roll of one of the New England regiments was published, he acted as war correspondent for that journal, and subsequently served twenty months as hospital steward, until December, 1864, when he was mustered out of the service for dis- ability. In 1866 he published in Washington, D. C, " The American Loyalist," in which were printed biographies and speeches of members of the 39th congress. After publishing a campaign paper in Baltimore, Md., in 1867, he returned to Washing- ton and was employed in the government printing- office for several years. In 1882 he removed to Kansas on account of impaired health. While in Washington he began the preparation of "A Sketch of the Political History of the United States of America " from the settlement of James- town to the present time, which he completed, but it still remains in manuscript.

MANSFIELD, Joseph King Fenno, soldier, b. in New Haven, Conn., 22 Dec, 1803 ; d. near Sharpsburg, Md., 18 Sept., 1862. Pie was appointed to the U. S. mili- tary academy, where during part of the fourth year he acted as assistant profes- sor of natural phi- losophy, and was graduated in 1819, standing second in a class of forty. He was assigned to the engineer corps, and for the next three years was an assist- ant to the board

York and engaged

in planning fortifications for the defence of the harbors and cities on the coast. In 1832 he was promoted 1st lieutenant, and on 7 July, 1838, he was appointed captain. He served in the Mexican war as chief engineer under Gen. Taylor, was brevetted major for gallant and distinguished services in the de-