mentarii de Brasiliensium et Chilensium indole et lingua.” Marggrafs premature death prevented him from completing a great work, the title of which, as given by Laet, was “Progymnastica mathematica Americana tribus sectionibus comprehensa.” It was intended to contain everything relating to the astronomy, geography, and geodesy of Brazil. A creeping-plant of the Antilles, belonging to the guttiferous family, has been named Marggravia in honor of its discoverer.
MARGIL OF JESUS, Antonio, clergyman,
b. in Valencia, Spain, 18 Aug., 1655 ; d. in the city
of Mexico, 6 Aug., 1726. At the age of sixteen he
entered a Franciscan convent of the strictest kind,
where he was noted for his piety and cheerful dis-
position. He finished his theological studies at
the convent of Denia, and began his missionary
career at Onda, where he became celebrated as a
pulpit orator. With the consent of his superiors,
he offered his services for the American mission,
and after a long voyage landed at Vera Cruz,
which had just been destroyed by French pirates.
He then set out on foot for the convent of the Holy
Cross, in Queretaro. which he reached in August,
1683. He was employed in missionary work in
Mexico, Yucatan, and Central America, and con-
verted large numbers of Indians. He established a
missionary college in the city of Guatemala, became
its guardian, and then went to Zacatecas, where he
founded an apostolic college. He afterward estab-
lished missions in Nayarit, and then went to Texas at
the head of a band of Franciscans. He established
various missionary stations there and within what
is now the state of Louisiana, and travelled fifty
miles on foot to minister to the French of Natchi-
toches, who were without a priest, and then re-
turned to Nacogdoches, where he labored four years,
refusing the office of guardian of the College of
Zacatecas, to which he had been elected. His mis-
sions were attacked by the French from New Or-
leans, and Father Margil was obliged to abandon
them for a time, but he returned in March, 1721,
restored some of the stations, and rebuilt the church
of Guadeloupe, which had been destroyed. He sent
one of his monks to found the mission of San Jose,
on San Antonio river, which became the most
prosperous of all. In 1722 he was appointed pre-
fect of the missions de propaganda fide, and dur-
ing the same year, by his directions, a chapel and
convent were built on the site of La Salle's fort on
Espiritu Santo bay. Shortly afterward he was
elected guardian of the College of Guadeloupe at
Zacatecas. On completing his term, he resumed his
missionary labors in Mexico and continued them
until he was stricken down with the illness of
which he died. The Spaniards and Indians be-
lieved that he had worked miracles, and the city of
Mexico petitioned the Roman see for his canoni-
zation. The cause was examined into some years
after his death, and he was declared venerable by
Pope Gregory XVI. in 1836, but has not yet been
declared beatified. Numerous biographies of Father
Margil have been written in Spanish and Italian,
including " Vida Portentosa del Americano Septen-
trional Apostol, El V. P. P. Anto. Margil " (Mad-
rid, 1775), and " Notizie della vita del ven. servo di
Dio, Fr. Antonio Margil de Jesus " (Rome, 1836).
MARGUERITTES, Julie de, author, b. in
London, England, in 1814 ; d. in Philadelphia, Pa.,
21 June, 1866. She was the daughter of an emi-
nent English physician, and married the Count de
Marguerittes, who was expelled from France on
the establishment of the second republic, and came
to New York, where she supported him by her
pen. When he was recalled by Louis Napoleon
he abandoned his wife, who obtained a divorce,
and afterward married George G. Foster, an author
and publisher of New York city, who died in 1850.
The widow gave concerts and readings, and on 9
March, 1852, made her appearance on the operatic
stage at the Broadway theatre. New York, in the
opera of " La Gazza Ladra." She performed in
the same piece at the Chestnut theatre, Philadel-
phia, made that city her home, and, retiring from
the stage, became the dramatic critic of the " Sun-
day Transcript." She afterward married Samuel
J. Rea, a journalist of Philadelphia. She was a
copious writer for the press, and published in
book-form " The Ins and Outs of Paris " (Phila-
delphia, 1855) ; " Italy and the War of 1859 "
(1859) ; and " Parisian Pickings, or Paris in all
States and Stations " (1860). — Her daughter,
Noemie, made her debut at the Halliday street
theatre, Baltimore, in the "Ambassador's Wife,"
but afterward withdrew from the stage, and suc-
ceeded her mother as dramatic critic of the Boston
" Sunday Transcript."
MARIANNA DE JESUS, surnamed the Lily
OF Quito, a saint of the Roman Catholic church,
b. in Quito, Ecuador, 31 Oct., 1618 ; d. there, 26
May, 1645. The name of her family was Paredes
y Flores. She began to practise austerity at a very
early age. On the death of her mother she was
confided to the care of an aunt, who lived in the
suburbs of Quito. At length her friends decided
to send her to be educated in the convent of St.
Catharine of Sienna, but she declared that she had
a revelation that she was to remain with her family.
She spent most of her time in prayer, and fre-
quently remained for days without food. In 1645
the city was afflicted with terrible epidemics and
frequently recurring earthquakes. She rose in
church on 25 March of that year, and in a few
words declared that a victim was required, and of-
fered her life for the salvation of the people. It is
said that earthquakes ceased after this act of self-
devotion, and that the violence of the plague gradu-
ally decreased, until after her death the epidemic
disappeared altogether. She was buried with great
pomp on 28 May, and it was reported that miracles
were wrought at her tomb. A petition for her can-
onization was presented at Rome, and in 1850 her
beatification was decreed by Pope Pius IX.
MARIGNY, Charles René Louis, Viscount de
Bernard de (mah-reen'-ye). French naval officer, b.
in Seez, Normandy, 1 Feb., 1740 ; d. in Brest, 25 July,
1815. He became a midshipman in 1755, and lieu-
tenant in 1757, and served in Santo Domingo from
1767 till 1774. In 1775 he made an extended cruise
through the West Indies, and in 1778 he commanded
the frigate " La Belle Poule," on which Benjamin
Franklin returned to the United States. They en-
countered two English men-of-war, but Marigny
eluded their pursuit. He captured an English ship
at the battle of Ouessant in 1778, became post-
captain and a knight of St. Louis in the following
year, and served under De Guichen, D'Estaing, and
De Grasse at the battles off St. Christopher, 25 and
26 Jan., 1782. He participated in seven naval bat-
tles during the war of American independence.
Afterward he served as naval commander in Brest,
and became rear-admiral in 1792, but resigned a
few months later, and was imprisoned during the
reign of terror. Louis XVIII. appointed him vice-
admiral and knight-commander of St. Louis in
1814, but he refused to re-enter the service.
MARIN, Jose Gaspar (mah-reen'), Chilian patriot, b. in Serena in 1772 ; d. in Santiago, 24 Feb., 1839. He studied in the College of San Carlos, where he was graduated very young as doctor in
