PIPER, Richard Upton, physician, b. in Stratham, N. H., 3 April, 1818. He was grai hui t . . 1 at Dartmouth medical school in 1840. and noiv (1888) I practises his profession in Chicago, 111. Besides contributing to various medical periodicals, he has published a treatise on Operative Surgery," illustrated with about 2,000 drawings by the author (Boston, 1852), and " The Trees of America " (4 parts, 1857, incomplete). He also drew the illus- trations for Maclise's " Surgical Anatomy."
PIRES, Francisco (pee-ravsi. Brazilian missionary, b. in Celorico, Portugal, about 1520; d. in
Bahia, Brazil, in 1586. He became a Jesuit in 1548,
afterward went to Brazil as a missionary, and was
for several years rector of the College of Bahia.
He wrote " Cartas Annuas aos Padres da Provincia
de Portugal escriptas na Bahia a 17 de Setembro.
I"i52" (Italian translation, Venice, 155!)) and
" Cartas escriptas da Capitania do Espirito Santo
ao P. Manoel de Nobrega em o anno de 1558," also
published in Italian (1562).
PIRTLE, Henry, jurist, b. in Washington
county, Ky.. 5 Nov., 1798; d. in Louisville, Ky.. 28
Man-h, 1880. His parents were among the early set-
tlers in Kentucky. The son received a good English
education, working at intervals on his father's
farm, studied law, and after practising five years
in Harford. Ohio county, removed in 1825 to Louis-
ville. A few months later he wa* appointed a
judge of the general court to rill a vacancy, which
post he resigned in 1832 and engaged in active
practice. He was again appointed in 1842. but
again resigned in a few days, at the close of the
pending term of court. In 1840 he was elected to
the state senate, and while chairman of the com-
mittee on Federal relations he made a report iliat
condemned certain state-rights resolutions of the
South Carolina and Virginia legislatures. The
same construction of the constitution that was
made in this report was laid down several days
later by the U. S. supreme court. Judge Pirtle
was chancellor of the Louisville chancery court and
professor of constitutional law, equity, and commer-
cial law in the University of Louisville in 1846-'68.
He published " Digest of the Decisions of the Court
of Appeals of Kentucky " (2 vols., Louisville, 1832).
PISE, Charles Constantine, clergyman, b. in
Annapolis, Mil. in 1S02 ; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y.. 26
May, 1866. After graduation at Georgetown col-
lege, D. C., he entered the College of the propa-
ganda, Rome, but was obliged to leave, owing to
his father's death, and completed his theological
course in Mount St. Mary's seminary, Emmetts-
burg, at the same time teaching classes in rhetoric
and poetry. He was ordained there in 1825, and
appointed to a mission in Frederick, Md., but
was transferred soon afterward to the cathedral at
Baltimore. After doing missionary work for sev-
eral years his health failed, and he went to Italy.
He had already become recognized a? the pioneer
of Roman Catholic literature in the United States,
and at Rom. received the degree of D. D., and was
made a kiimhl of the Holy Roman Empire. On
his return In .a- .ni.h Lil i -M. Patrick's church
in Washington. He was an intimate friend of
Henry Clay, and, partly through the inflame,- of
the latter, was appointed chaplain of the U. S. sen-
ate, being the only Roman Catholic prie>t thai ever
held that office. The same statesman offered Dr.
Pi e a chair in Transylvania university ; but he pre-
ferred active missionary work. He removed to
New York on the invitation of Bishop Dubois. and
wa< connected with several churches in the city,
also attaining a reputation as a lecturer and
preacher. He purchased Emmanuel church. I'.rouk-
lyn, which became the Roman Catholic church of
St. Charles Borromeo. and he assumed the pastor-
ate of it in 1849. His works are " Father Row-
land." a tale in answer to " Father Clement " (Bal-
timore. 1829) ; " Indian Cottage, a Unitarian Story "
( t*2!h : History of the Church from its Establish-
ment to the Reformation" (5 vols., 1830); "The
Pleasures of Religion, and other Poems " (Phila-
delphia. l*M:!i : Hone Vagabundse," an account of
his travels in Ireland : " Alethia, or Letters on the
Truth of the Catholic Doctrines " (New York, 1843) ;
' The Acts of the Apostles." a poem (1845) : " Zeno-
sius, or the Pilgrim Convert (1845) ; "Letters to
Ada"; "Lives of St. Ignatius and his First Com-
panions" (1845); "Notes on a Protestant Cate-
chism"; "The Catholic Bride." translated from
the Italian (Baltimore. 1848); and "Christianity
and the Church" (1850).
PISKARET, Simon, Algonquin chief, b. in Ot-
tawa, Canada, in 1602: d. near Three Rivers in
March. 1646. He was champion of the Algonquins,
and his marvellous exploits are still recounted
among the northwestern Indians. At first he was
an enemy of the Jesuits, but he became a Christian
in 1642. in the hope of gaining French favor, and
soon afterward was really a convert. His conver-
sion aided the French colonization of Canada, and
secured a momentary peace between the French
and the Indian allies and the Six Nations. This
wa> brought about in the following manner, ac-
cording to Parkman in his " Jesuits in North
America " : In the spring of 1645 Piskaret. with
- i other converted Indians, set out on a war-
party, and, after killing fourteen Iroquois, made two prisoners, whom, owing to the instructions of his Jesuit teacher, he treated with unexampled for- bearance. He led them to Sillery. and presented them to Gov. Montmagny, and they were after- ward conveyed to Three Rivers, where Champleur, the commandant, after clothing and equipping them, sent them home. The Mohawks fell this kindness deeply, and on 5 July following they sent an embassy to Three Rivers, led by the eliief Kiotsatou. The result was that, on IT Sept.. a grand council was held at Three Rivers by Gov. Montmagny, the Jesuit superiors, and representa- tives of various tribes, at which a general peace was concluded, and, although it lasted -caivelya year, it had valuable results for the colonization of Canada. Piskaret now followed agriculture in his domain near Three Rivers. He was killed by surprise by a party of Mohawks toward the close of March, 1646, when peace was partially broken.
PISON, Willrin (pe'-son). Dutch naturalist, b.
in Leyden in 1596; d. there in 1681. He studied
medicine and practised his profesMon successively
in Leyden and Amsterdam. In 1637 he followed
Prince Maurice de Nassau-Siegen (q. r.) to Brazil.
With the help of two German students, one of
whom was George Marggraff (q. i'.), he explored t hat
country, and, discovering the ipecaeiianhu-t ivc, pop-
ularized its use in medicine. Returning to Leyden
in 1645 with a fine collection, which he presented
to the city, he showed his manu-cript to. lean de
Laet, who 'inserted in his " Historia naturalis Brasi-
liae" (Leyden, 1648) Pison's treatise -De Me.li-
cinx Brasiliensi, Libri IV." After the death of
Prince Maurice, l'i><>n entered the >ervice of the
Klcctor of Brandenburg, but. returning later to
Holland, he published a revised edition of his
former work with many additions, under the title
of 1 ' He India' ulriiisquc re natural! et medicini,
Libri XIV "(Amsterdam, 1658). Plumier dedicated
to I'i-on a plant of the Nictaginei family, arbor
spinis horrida Pisonia,
