speech can be produced by no other part than the pharynx,
those creatures only can speak which have lungs, as speech
is the articulation of the voice by the tongue. Where-
fore, the voice and larynx send forth vowels, the tongue
and lips consonants, and these together make up speech.
So, too[1], Cuvier says, that "man alone among animals can
articulate sounds, owing probably to the form of his mouth and the mobility of his lips." The[2] pharynx, so
called, and trachea, are of cartilaginous nature, and this
because they are for the sake of the voice as well as
breathing; and it is necessary that that, which is to give
out sound, should have firmness as well as smoothness.
But the larynx and pharynx are here alluded to as if
they were one and the same organ, and it may be, that
owing to the complicity of the parts and their multiplied
relations to one another, they were then so considered;
but yet passages[3] might be cited, which seem to shew that
they were known, both by function and position, to
be different organs.
Note 7, p. 105. Nature employs, simultaneously, the air,
&c.] It was assumed by the physiologists of that and,
indeed, many subsequent ages, that the office of respira-
tion is merely to cool the blood, or rather to temper its
heat, which was supposed to be constantly tending to an
excess incompatible with life. In modern times, on the
