GREECE
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LAND
132,608 km²; 29% arable and land under permanent crops, 40% meadows and pastures, 20% forested, 11% wasteland, urban, other
Land boundaries: 1,191 km
WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm
Coastline: 13,676 km
PEOPLE
Population: 9,743,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.7%
Nationality: noun—Greek(s); adjective—Greek
Ethnic divisions: 98.8% Greek, 0.2% Turkish, 1.0% other
Religion: 99% Greek Orthodox, 0.3% Muslim, 0.7% other
Language: Greek; English and French widely understood
Literacy: males about 94%; females about 79%; total about 86%
Labor force: 3.3 million (1979 est.); approximately 31% agriculture, 30% industry, 39% services; urban unemployment is under 3%, but substantial unreported unemployment exists in agriculture
Organized labor: 10-15% of total labor force, 20-25% of urban labor force
GOVERNMENT
Official name: Hellenic Republic
Type: presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974
Capital: Athens
Political subdivisions: 52 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition and influence which prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government; the departments of Macedonia and Thrace exercise some degree of autonomy from Athens since they are governed through the Ministry of Northern Greece
Legal system: new constitution enacted in June 1975
National holiday: Independence Day, 25 March
Branches: executive consisting of a President, elected by the Vouli (parliament), a Prime Minister, and a Cabinet; legislative consisting of the 300-member Vouli; and an independent judiciary
Government leaders: President Constantine KARAMANLIS; Prime Minister Andreas PAPANDREOU
Suffrage: universal age 18 and over
Elections: every four years; Papandreou's Panhellenic Socialist Movement defeated the incumbent New Democracy government of George Rallis in elections held on 18 October 1981
Political parties and leaders: Panhellenic Socialist Movement, Andreas Papandreou; New Democracy, Evangelos Averoff-Tossizza; Communist Party-Exterior, Kharilaos Florakis; Progressive Party, Spyros Markezinis; Communist Party-Interior, Kharalambos Drakopoulos; United Democratic Left, Ilias Iliou; Nationalist Camp, Stefanos Stefanopoulos; Party of Democratic Socialism, Ioannis Pesmatzoglou
Voting strength: Panhellenic Socialist Movement, 170 seats; New Democracy, 112 seats; Communists (Exterior), 13 seats; independents, 5 seats
Communists: an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers
Member of: EC, EIB (associate), EMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $41.8 billion (1980), $4,370 per capita; 62% consumption, 24% investment, 16% government; 4% change in stocks; net foreign balance 6%; real growth rate 1.6% (1980) Agriculture: main crops — wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton; nearly self-sufficient; food shortages—livestock products
Major industries: food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products
Crude steel: 936,000 million metric tons produced (1978), 100 kg per capita
Electric power: 5,700,000 kW capacity (1981); 29.0 billion kWh produced (1981), 2,900 kWh per capita
Exports: 4,078 million (f.o.b., 1980); principal items—tobacco, minerals, fruits, textiles
