survived his consecration only three months. Adam
Loftus (1563–67). from whom the Irish Protestant
hierarchy claim to ilcrivc their orders, was consecrated
by Hugh Curwin, Archbishop of Dublin, according
to the form annexed to the second Hook of
Common Prayer of the time of Edward VI. The
most learned of the Protestant primates was James
Ussher (IGJ-t-.iO). whose most ini|X)rtant works were
" Vetcrum Kpistolarum lIil)emioarum Sylloge", pub-
lished in 1(582, and " Mrittanicarum Kcdesiarum
Antiquitates", which appeared in IG.'iO. He left
his valuable library, comprising several thousand
printed books and manuscripts, to Trinity College,
Dublin, and his complete works were published by
that institution in twenty-four volumes at the cost
of i:3,0(X). In spite of his learning, this prelate's
•character was marked by a most intolerant spirit of
bigotry against the Irish Catholics. His judgment
against toleration of Papists, i. e. " to consent that
they may freely exercise their rehgion and profess
their faitli and doctrine is a grievous .sin ", was a signal
for the renewal of persecution and led to the Rising
of the Iri.sh Catlioli.s in 1041. John Hramhall (ItiOO-
63), another learned Protestant divine, succeeded U.ss-
her. His works on polemic and other subjects have
been published in four folio volumes. Narcissus Marsh
(1702-1.'J), another learned prelate, built the noble
library of 8t. Sepulchre's in Dublin, which bears his
name, filled it with a valuable collection of theological
and Oriental works and liberally endowed it for the
support of a librarian and deputy. Hugh Boulter
(1721-42), John Hoadly (1742-16), and George
Stone (174f>-64) are principally famous as politicians
and upholders of the " 10ngli.sh Interest" in Ireland.
The first two supported and promoted the penal laws
against the Catholics, but Stone was opixi.scd to
persecution. Richard Robinson, first Baron Rokeby
(176.5-94), raised Armagh by his munificence from
extreme decay to a state of opulence and embellished
it with various useful public institutions. He built
an episcopal palace, a [)ublic library, an infirmary,
and an ooservatory. Lord John (ieorge Beresford
(1822-62) was also distinguished by his munificence.
He restored Armagh Cathedral at a cost of £34.1K)0
and is said to have spent £280,000 in acts of public
lienevolence. On his succes.sor, Marcus Gervais
Beresford (1862-8,')), fell a large portion of the task
of providing for the future organization and su.s-
tentation of the Protestant Episcopal Church in
Ireland, which was disestablished from 1 January,
1871. After the flight of the Earis O'Neill and
O'Donnell, large portions of their forfeited estates
were made over to the Protestant see, which, together
with the land previously belonging to the see in
Catholic times, made up a total of 100, .563 acres,
producing in modern times a gross revenue for the
Protestant primate of £17,670. By the Church
Temporalities' Act of 18.33, this Wiis considerably
reduced, and the net income of the see before the
di.sestablishment was £12,087. Since that event
the primate receives an annual salary from the
Church Representative Bo<ly of £2,.5(X), with the
palace free of rent. The glebe lands belonging to
the eighty-eight benefices in the dioce.se comprised
19,290 .acres. Since disestablishment, about £9,000
are contributed annually by the voluntary system
for sustentation funds anil about £5,000 for various
other Church purposes. Before disestablishment,
the Irish Episcopalians formed twenty-two per cent
of the population of the diocese, Presbyterians
seventeen per cent, and Catholics sixty-one per cent,
a proportion which has remained almost the same
ever since. The non-Catholic population in 1901
was 100,451.
Stuart, History of Armagh, ed. Ambrose Coleman (Dublin, 1900); The Annals of the Four Masters (Dublin, 1851–56), VII. Index s. v. Armngh; HENSrasr ani. MrCARTHY. .4 n- naU of VUter, 431-1541 (Dublin, l.S87-9n; Ve>. Oi.ivkr Plunket. Ju* Primatuilr Armacnnum i\(i7'Jt. I-A.Mr.AN Errlrnuintimt HuU/ru ul Irelaiul (Dublin. 1820). 1-1 V. pnji- tim; O'Ha.nlon. Life of .>(. Mulachu OMurfi'nr (Dublin, 185U); Bhenna.s, Eccl. Ilutury of /relanrl (Dublin, 1804). paatiim; Healv, irttund'K Anrit-nt SchuoU ond SchoUtra (Dublin, 1890), 91–105; i;a.%is. .Scrus ipucurorum rlr. (1873), 200- 208, unci liiH continuntor, Ki'iu.i.. jmimim; Ma/.u:he Hradt. Kpiaropal Succeeaion in KnoUtrul, Irrlorvt, ond tiruttarul (Home. 1870); Dublin Vuiirrait!, Mauitziw (18.«>-40), V, 319; XVI. 80; CooTE, .I Surrry of Ihr Counlu of Armaqh (Dublin, 1804); Lewis, TopograpfiictU Dictionnni of Irrlond (London, 1837). I, 00-75; Joyce, .4 Social Hialory of Ireland (London, 1003). II, 013, B. V. Armnah: WARE-Harris, Antiquities of Ireland (Dublin, 1730-45); AnrnOAl-i.-MoiiAN, Afonaatiron Ilihemirum (Dublin, 1873); Mohan, Mrmoira of Moat Kn: Dr. Olixtr PlunM (Dublin, 1801); Spicilroium Oaturimae, 1517-1800 (Dublin, 1874-85). For Ibc Proleatiint urrhbiBhopn see Cotton, Fnali F.cclraia l/ihrmircr (Dublin. 1851-78); Cox, llihrmiu Annlicanii (London, 1(>8»); Mai.one, Church Ihalurv of Ireland from the Inraaion to the Reformation (Dublin, 1803); Renehan, Colhcliuna on Church Hiatory (Dublin, 1801); CoMERFORn, 77lf llialorii of Ireland from the Earlieat Account of Time to the Invaaion of the Engliah under Hmry II (Dublin. 1754); Coleman, Ir. Eccl. Rec, VII, 103; Fitzpatrk k, Ir. Eecl. Rec. XVI, 20, 122; Moras. Ir. Eccl. Rec. XII. 385.
Ambrose Coleman
Armagh, The Book of, technically known as Libeh Au(D).M.\(H.\Nfs. — A celebrated Irish-Latin manu- script preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. It is a vellum, in small quarto, and in a fine state of preservation, with the exception of the commencement, where a few pages are missing. In its present condition it consists of 221 leaves (442 pages) with the writing in double or, Iciss often, in triple columns. The Irish hand is used throughout, but .some of the initial letters arc in Greek character, and some of the letters are lightly coloured black, red, green, and yellow. The penmanship is, on the whole, verj- beautiful, distinct, and uniform. The only drawings in the mamLscripts are four, repre- senting the symbols of the Evangelists. Because of the value that the Irish placed on the Book of Annagh, it was often richly bound, and encased in shrines of artistic workmanship. The Book of Armagh was also known as the "Canon of Patrick", and it was once thought that it w;is the Patron's own book and in part the work of Patrick himself. It was left for Bishop Charles Graves, however, to discover from the erasures in the manuscript itself, and from references in the .\nnals to names which he had pieced together from the Book of Armagh, that the name of the scribe of, perhaps, the entire work was Ferdomnach of Armagh, who died in 84.5 or .846, and that he wrote the first part of the Book in the year 807 or 808.
The Book of Armagh is, in the main, a transcript of documents of a much older period than the Book which has preserved them, and these documents are of inestimable value for the t-arly historj' and civiliza- tion of Ireland. Alxive all, this collection is valuable because it contains the earliest writings that have come down to us relating to St. Patrick. The author of one of the Lives of Patrick, which the Book of Armagh contains, was one Muirchu Maccu Machteni, who wrote at the request of ■■\cd. Bishop of Sletty. The author of the other Life was Tirechan, who wrote, we are told, for Bishop ITtan of Ardbraccan. Both the.se authors wrote at about the middle of the seventh centurj', and had as their authorities even older memoirs. The Book contains other mis- cellaneous documents relating to St. Patrick, and gives considerable information on the rights and prerogatives of the Sec of Armagh. Among the miscellaneous contents may be mentioned the "Liber Angueli" (so spelled in the Irish fiushion to show that the q was not palatalized), "the Book of the Angel", wherein an angel is represented as en- trusting to St. Patrick the primatial rights of Ar- magh; the Eusebian Canons, St. Jerome's letter to Damasus, Epi.stles of St. Paul, with prefaces, chiefly by Pelagius, Epistles of James, Peter, John, and Jude; the A[K)calyp.se, the Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, John, and Luke, and the "Lite of
