REYNOLDS
18
RHESANA
Reynolds (Raixolds, Rayxolds, Reginaldus),
William, b. at Pinliorn near Exeter, about 1544; d.
at Antwerp, 24 August, 1594, the second son of Rich-
ard Rainolds, and elder brother of John Rainolds, one
of the chief AngUcan scholars engaged on the "Au-
thorized Version" of the Bible. Educated at Win-
chester School, he became fellow of New College,
Oxford (1560-1572). He was converted partly by
the controversy between Jewel and Harding, and
partly by the personal influence of Dr. Allen. In 1575
he made" a public recantation in Rome, and two years
later went to Douai to study for the priesthood. He
removed with the other collegians from Douai to
Reims in 157S and was ordained priest at Chalons in
April, 1580. He then remained at the college, lec-
turing on Scripture and Hebrew, and helping Gregory
Martin in translating the Reims Testament. Some
years before his death he had left the college to become
chaplain to the Beguines at Antwerp. He translated
several of the wTitings of Allen and Harding into Latin
and wrote a "Refutation" of Whitaker's attack on
the Reims version (Paris, 1583); "De justa reipu-
blicae christianse in reges impios et hsereticos autho-
ritate" (Paris, 1590), under the name of Rossseus;
a treatise on the Blessed Sacrament (Antwerp, 1593);
"Calvino-Turcismus" (Antwerp, 1597).
KiBBT, Annals of WincheMer College (London, 1892); Foster, Alumni Oxonienses (Oxford, 1891); Douay Diaries (London, 1878); Wood, Athentr Oxonienses (London, 1813); Pitts, De illustribus AnnHce scriptoribus (Paris, 1619); Dodd, Church History, II (Brussels tere Wolverhampton, 1737-42); Gillow in Biog, Diet. Eng. Cath., b. v.; Rigq in Did. Nat. Biog., a. v. Rainolds.
Edwin Burton.
RhsBtia, Prefecttjre Apostolic of (Rh.etorum), in Switzerland, includes in general the district oc- cupied by the CathoUcs belonging to the Rhaeto- Romanic race in the canton of the Orisons (Grau- biinden). The prefecture is bounded on the north by the Prattigau, on the south by Lombardy, on the east by the Tyrol, on the west by the cantons of Tessin (Ticino), Uri, and Glarus. During the six- teenth centurj' the greater part of the inhabitants of the Grisons became Calvinists. In 1621 Paul V, at the entreaty of Bishop John Flugi of Coire (Chur) and Archduke Leopold of Austria, sent thither Capuchin missionaries from Brixen in the Tyrol; the first superior was P. Ignatius of Cosnigo, who re- sided in the mission (1621^5) and conducted it under the title of prefect Apostohc. The best known of the missionaries is St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, who was martyred. After the death of P. Ignatius the mission was cared for by the Capuchin province of Brixen, represented in the mi.ssion by a sub-prefect. For a long time after the suppression of the religious orders by Napoleon, the mission was without an adminis- trator; upon the restoration of the order, Capuchins from vanous provinces were sent into the mission. At present it is under the care of Capuchins of the Roman province. It has 22 parishes, in three of which the majority of inhabitants speak Italian; 52 churchfis and chapels; 40 schools for boys and girls; 7200 Catholics; 25 Capuchins. The prefect Arxistolic lives at Sagens.
BCrifi, Die kalh. KircKe in der Schweiz (Munich, 1902), 89; Min'ione* Calholir/t (Ilome, 1907). 103; Mateb, Gesdi. des Bi$- tunu Chur (Stans, 1907), not yet completed.
Joseph Lins.
Rtxaphansea, a titular see in Syria Secunda, suffra- gan of Apam<a. Hhaphana;a is mentioned in ancient timfifionly by Josejjlius (Bel. Jud., VII, 5, 1), who says that in that vicinity there was a river which flowed six days and cesiw^l on the seventh, probably an inter- mittent spring now called Fououar ed-Deir, near Rafanieh, a village of the vilayet of Alep in the valley of the <^)ronte. The ancient name was preserved At the time of Ptolemy (V, 14, 12), the Third Legion (Gallics) was stationed there. Ilierocles (Synecdemus,
712,8) and Georgius Cyprius, 870 (Gelzer, "Georgu
Cyprii descriptio orbis romani", 44) mention it among
the towms of Syria Secunda. The crusaders passed
through it at the end of 1099; it was taken by
Baldwin and was given to the Count of Tripoli
("Historiens des croisades", passim; Rej^ in "Bul-
letin de la Socidte des antiquaires de France", Paris,
1885, 266). The only bishops of Rhaphansea known
are (Le Quien, "Oriens christianus", II, 921): Bas-
sianus, present at the Council of Nica^a, 325; Geron-
tius at Philippopolis, 344; Basil at Constantinople,
381; Lampadius at Chalcedon, 451; Zoilus about
518; Nonnus, 536. The see is mentioned as late as
the tenth century in the "Notitia episcopatuum" of
Antioch (Vailh^, "Echos d'Orient", X, 94).
Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. geogr.,a.v.; Muller, notes on Ptolemy, ed. Didot, I, 973.
S. P^TRIDfes.
Rheims. See Reims.
Rheinberger, Joseph Gabriel, composer and organist, b. at Vaduz, in the Principality of Lich- tenstein, Bavaria, 17 March, 1839; d. at Munich, 25 Nov., 1901. When seven years old, he already served as organist in his parish church, and at the age of eight composed a mass for three voices. After enjoying for a short time the instruction of Choir- master Schmutzer in Feldkirch, he attended the con- servatory at Munich from 1851 to 1854, and finished his musical education with a course under Franz Lachner. In 1859 he was appointed professor of the theory of music and organ at the conservatory, a position which he held until a few months before his death. Besides his duties as teacher he acted successively as organist at the court Church of St. Michael, conductor of the Munich Oratorio Society, and instructor of the solo artists at the royal opera. In 1867 he received the title of royal professor, and be- came inspector of the newly established royal school for music, now called the Royal Academy of Music. In 1877 he was promoted to the rank of royal court conductor, which position carried with it the direction of the music in the royal chapel. Honoured by his prince with the title of nobility and accorded the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy by the Munich University, Rheinberger for more than forty years wielded, as teacher of many of the most gifted young musicians of Europe and America, per- haps more influence than any of his contemporaries. As a composer he was remarkable for his power of invention, masterful technique, and a noble, solid style. Among his two hundred compositions are oratorios (notably " Christoforus " and "Monfort"); two operas; cantatas for soli, chorus, and orches- tra ("The Star of Bethlehem", " Toggenburg ", "Klarchen auf Eberstein" etc.); smaller works for chorus and orchestra; symphonies ("Wallenstein"), overtures, and chamber music for various combina- tions of instruments. Most important of all his instrumental works are his twenty sonatas for organ, the most notable productions in this form since Mendelssohn. Rheinberger wrote many works to liturgical texts, namely, twelve masses (one for double chorus, three for four voices a cappella, three for women's voices and organ, two for men's voices, and one with orchestra), a requiem, Slabat Mater, and a large number of motets, and smaller pieces. Rheinberger's masses rank high as works of art, but some of them are defective in the treatment of the text. Joseph Renner, Jr., has recently remedied most of these defects, and made the masses available for liturgical purposes.
Krayer. Joseph Rheinberger (Ratisbon, 1911); Renner, Rheinberger's Messen in Kirchen-musikaliachea Jahrbuch (Ratis- bon, 1909).
Joseph Ottbn.
RhessBna, titular see in Osrhoene, suffragan of Edessa. Rhesaena (numerous variations of the name
