COLOMBO 219 COLORADO
On Aiigust, 1920, the Republic of Colombia by by these orders: 1 seminary, 23 English schools legal enactment was solemnly consecrated to the for boys with an attendance of 5,481, 17 for girls Sacred Heart of Jesus, the first nation to give this with an attendance of 2^76; 231 vemacidar schools public testimony of faith. The ceremony took place for boys, total registration 20,507; 228 vernacular in the National Temple, Bogota, in presence of the schools foi^ girls, total registration 17,804; 6 orphan- President, members of his cabinet, the Auxiliary ages for gu*^ caring for 449 children, an industrial Bishop of Bogota, the auditor of the Apostolic sdiool for girls with 212 pupils, 1 home for the Nimciature and many other important ecclesiastical aged with 200 inmates, and a government hospital, and civil personages. Colombia has an Envoy entrusted to the Franciscan Nuns, Missionaries of Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary ao- Mary. A Catholic press is established which pub- credited to the Holy See. lishes two semi-weekly newspapers, Nanarantha
Recent Hibtobt.— In 1903 Colombia rejected the Pradigaya" in Sinhalese, and the '^Ceylon Catholic Hay-Herran treaty, a convention made between Messenger" in English, and a monthly magazine the United States and Colombia, for the, construe- called the '^Messenger of the Sacred Heart for tion of a ship canal connecting the Atlantic and Ceylon," besides other religious literature in Eng- Pacific oceans. The French Company, which in lish and Sinhalese. The diocese comprises 340 1894 succeeded the French Panama Company, churches and chapels, 62 head-stations, and 300 sub- formed in 1881, o£fered to sell all its property and stations, rights to the United States for $40,000,000. The ^ , ^ . , ^ ^ ^r
rejection of this treaty in 1963 was immediately ^ Oolorado (cf. C. E., IV-129a).— The area of the followed by the secession of Panama, which on 3 State of Colorado is 103,948 sq. miles. November. 1903, proclaimed its independence and . ^^^^^"2^11?^ ^® census of 1920 the popula- impnsoned all the Colombian army and navy offi- ^^^^ ^^ 939,376. Denver, the state capital and cials in the principal city. The new provisional largest city," had a population of 256,369. Accord- government of Panama immediately opened negotia- "^8 *o ^^^ statistics o! 1919 the suicide death rate * tions with the United States. In 1909 there was (or the state was 142 per 100,000 population, which an attempt to negotiate a treaty between Colombia, ^ » large decrease compared with 18^ in 1915. the United States and Panama, exonerating the Rbsoubces.— In 1920 gold to the value of $10,- United States and Panama from any charge of 249,300 and 6,966 ounces of silver were mined. The injustice to Colombia. This Colombia rejected coal output for 1918 was 10,484,237 tons bituminous also, claiming that she had isthmian rights in and 12,483,336 tons anthracite. The average wheat Panama and demanding the payment of $20,000,000 yield (1919) was about fourteen bushels to the acre, from the United States for Colombia's rights in The value of output of agriculture, dairy and poid- the Panama railway. Finally, on 6 April, 1914, try for 1919 was $193,761,245; fruit, $16,978,412. In Colombia signed a treaty with the United States 1^20 the irrigated acreage was 3,348,385, yielding at Bogota, agreeing to recognize the independence a total crop value of $486,000,000. The estimated of Panama and receiving in return $25,000,000 and value of the manufactures, outside of smelting, for certain rights in the Panama Canal Zone. This 1919 was $275,391,000. The railway mileage in 1920 treaty, after a long delay, was ratified by the was 5,610. United States Senate on 20 April, 1921. Education.— In 1918 the State University at
A new fiscal code was published on 4 March, 1913, Boulder had 1,953 students and 219 professors and and a penal colony was established in Magdalena. instructors. A second normal school has recently In 1915 a gold basis was adopted in place of the been opened at Gunnison. School district owner- silver stan&rd which had been used for twenty- ship is over $16,000,000. The total number of pupils one years. During the war the falling ofif of cus- enrolled in 1918 was 200,763. The teachers num- toms receipts wrought great havoc with the nation's bered 7,219 and the schoolhouses 3,089. The ex- finances, and the President with the extraordinary penditure for that year was $9,733,763. powers voted him doubled the duty of stamped The state laws affecting private and parochial paper, doubled the stamp tax, decreed coinage of schools are as follows: No child of school age 9,000,000 pesos in silver, reduced the salaries of the who has not completed the eighth grade shall pe officiab of the country, and taxed the imports of permitted to attend any school where the common gold and valuable wood. branches are not taught in the English language 1
no appropriation shall be made for educational
Oolombo, Archdiocese of (Columbbnsib; cf. C. purposes to any person or institution not imder E., IV-124b), comprises two of the nine ecclesias- the absolute control of the state, nor to any denom- tical provinces of the Island of Ceylon, and is inational or sectarian institution or association entrusted to the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. It (IV, 34) ; lots with the buildings thereon, if said has as its suffragans the dioceses of Galle, Jaffna, buildings are used exclusively for schools, shall be Kandy and Trincomalie. Since 1905 this see has exempt from taxation (X-5). All teachers in public been filled by Most Rev. Antoine Coudert, bom and private schools must take oath of allegiance; in Manglieu, France, 1861, ordained 1886, appointed compulsory school law requires that children attend- tittdar Bishop of Balansa and poadjutor to the ing private schools shall receive such instruction Archbishop of Colombo 28 June, 1898, succeeding to as will be an equivalent to that given in the public the see 17 June, 1905. A number of religious orders schools. For Catholic school statistics see Denveb, are established in the diocese : the Oblates of Maiy Diocese of.
Immaculate (104 priests and 8 lay brothers), Lggislativb Changes. — Colorado's recent legisla- Brothers of the Cnristian Schools (22), Marist tion has displayed the same modern tendency as Brothers, Indian Franciscan Brothers (40), Sisters other state legislation, as in the creation of a of the Good Shepherd (51), Sisters of the Holy public service commission, of a Mothers' Pension Family (30), Little Sisters of the Poor (16), Fran- Act (1912), a Bill providing the recall of all elec- ciscan Nuns, Missionaries of Mary (90), Ceylonese tive officers, including juages, a pure-seed law Nuns of St. FVancis Xavier under the direction of (1919), a minimum wage commission, a workmen's the Sisters of the Good Shepherd (144), and Sisters compensation law ^1915), and § fij^tute providing of the Immaculate Conception (155). Various edu- for the investigation and control ft smelters. The cational and charitable institutions are conducted school-fund-farm-loan law, whereby moneys derived
