MAINZ 4gO MAITLAKB
Bchools shall make such statistical and other re- tional amendment was re-eubmitted to a popular
ports as the State superintendent may require. vote, and retained by a majority of 758 votes. The
State Government. — ^The following have been national Prohibition Act was ratified in 1919 by
addeid as heads of State departments: 2 highway the State legislature.
commissioners, 1 bank commissioner, 3 public The State constitutional amendment of 1841 for-
utilities commissioners, a deputy secretary of State bidding the legislature to loan the credit of the
commissions and corporations, a commissioner of State, directly or indirectly, or to increase the State
labor and industry, a superintendent of public build- debt over $300,000, except in emergency cases, was
ings, a commissioner of health, 3 industrial acci- felt by many to be a serious obstacle to the
dent commissioners, a commissioner of harbor and development of Maine, but in 1912 the State was
tidal waves, a live stock sanitary commissioner, 3 allowed to increase a debt of not over 12,000,000
prison commissioners, and one woman factory in- for highway purposes. In 1913 another law allowed
spector. The commission of inland fisheries has the legislature to tax intangible personal property
been reduced from three to one member. There without regard to the rate applied to other classes
are also appointed 3 for the board of accountancy, of property. In 1915 child labor was prohibited in
4 instead of 8 for the public health council, 4 em- factories or mercantile establishments, and in the
balming examiners, and 3 for the board of arbitra- same year the Workmen's Compensation Act was
tion and conciliation. nassed. In 1916 the first national park east of the
JuDiaAL Department. — Superior Courts have Mississippi River, comprising 500 acres, known as
been established in the counties of Cumberland, the Sieur de Montes National Monument, was
Kennebec, Androscoggin, and Penobscot. Maine created on Mount Desert Island. In 1918 the legis-
has 20 cities, 434 towns, and 69 plantations. The lature passed an Act forbidding the feeble-minded
State Board of Charities and Corrections, estab- to marry. The federal suffrage amendment was
lished by the Legislature of 1913, is composed of ratified on 5 November, 1919.
five members, unsalaried, one of them a woman, Prisons and Reformatories. — There is a county
appointed by the governor and with the consent jail in each county, except Lincoln and Sa^adorhoe,
of the council. The board appoints a salaried which use jails in other counties. There is an In-
secretary and other agents. The board is required dustrial School for Girls at Hallowell, a State
to investigate and inspect the whole system of Reformatory for IVomen at Skowegan (1915), and
public charities and correctional institutions of the one for men at Windham (1919).
State, to examine into the conditions and the Rbcbnt History. — ^During the European War
management of all prisons, jails, reform schools, Maine contributed 24,252 soldiers to the U. S.
schools of a charitable and correctional nature, and Army (0.65% ) . The members of the national guard
all such institutions as hospitals, houses, sani- joined the 26th Division, and those of the national
tariums, orphanages, to give its opinion of their drafted army the 76th Division, both at (}amp
organization and to pass upon all plans for new Devens. The summary of casualties among the
institutions under their supervision. It acts ex Maine members of the American Expeditionary
officio as a board of mother's aid, and also as a Forces is as follows: deceased, 21 officers, 497 men;
board of children's guardians. A number of asso- prisoners^ 2 officers, 15 men; wounded, 64 officers,
ciations, hospitals, and other institutions receive 1491 men.
appropriations from the State, and are subject to For ecclesiastical history see Portland, Diocesk
supervision by the State board, as long as they of. receive such aid. Appropriations are made for
certain charitable and benevolent institutions, not Bfainx Diocese of, (MAGUNnNENsis; cf . C. E.,
and St. Mary's General Hospital at Lewiston. April , 1921) with the right of succession, succeedinjc
Overseers of the poor, not to exceed seven in num- 7 March, 1912, consecrated 10 April, 1921, published
ber, are chosen by each town. The semi-inter- 15 April, 1921. The diocese is divided into deaneries
mediate sentence law is applicable to all State and 188 parishes and contains 186 parish priests, 1
institutions, for each of which the governor acts rector, 8() curates, 43 priests in other positions, and
as a parole board. Any property left to educa- 20 who are pensioned or on leave of absence. The
tional,. charitable, relieious or benevolent institu- diocesan seminary has 10 professors and 60 students,
tions is exempt from the inheritance tax. A legis- The only male order existing in the diocese is that of
lative Act of 1913 allowed any corporation or the Capuchins with 3 houses (Mains, Bausheim and
association holding funds bequeathed for religious, Dieburg), 19 Fathers and 17 brothers. The female
moral, and benevolent purposes to transfer the orders are: Sisters of Mercy from the mother-house
same to another corporate body for similar pur- at Trier, 2 houses, 26 Sisters; English Ladies, 7 houses,
poses with the approval of the resident judge. 271 Sisters; Franciscan Sisters from Aachen, 3 houses,
Lbgislativb Changes.— Maine was the first State 27 Sisters; Franciscan Sisters of the Perpetual Ador-
to enact prohibition. The first prohibition law, ation, 1 house, 42 Sisters, Sisters of Divine Provi-
passed through the influence of Neal Dow in 1851, dence, mother-house at Mainz, 85 filial houses, 657
was repealed. In 1850 another law went into effect, Sisters; Sisters of the Most Sacred Redeemer, mother-
but the enforcement was very lax. In 1884 an house at Niederbronn, 23 houses, 230 Sisters* Sisters
amendment was voted into the State constitution, g^ *^® Good Shepherd, 1 house, 29 Sisters; Sisters of
forbidding the sale of liquor except to invalids. St. Vincent de Paul, 9 houses, 137 Sisters.
Though the Legislature of 1905 enacted the Sturgis
Law, creating a State Enforcement Commission, Maitland, Diocesb op (Maitlandensib; cf. C.
prohibition has always been considered a farce in E., IX-555d), in New South Wales, Australia, is
the State. The extreme bitterness of the campaign suffragan to the Archdiocese of Sydney. It has
and the accompanying charges of fraud led to the been growing steadily in recent years during the
initiation and passage of the Davies Direct Primary incumbency of the present bishop, Rt. Rev. Patrick
law, which applies to the election of county officials Vincent Dwyer, and now numbers a Catholic popu-
as well as federal officials. In 1912 the constitu- lation of some 38,000. of whom 36,000 are Aus-
