CHAUMONOT
645
CHEMINAIS
Chaucert Naturschildervngen (Gottingen, 1891); Lchinrbury.
' if, and M ritinge (3 vols., New York,
1892 ; iHBB.Cnauo Memorial Lectures, ed. with an Introduc-
' Ion, L900 . Skeat, YV«, Chaucer Canon: with a Dis-
i„ II .■ ■ I ; »•,//, l/„ Vi/mi- »/ (.'.<)// r,i/
(i ixford, L( ; Hales, r/u In. o/ Chaucer, with an
Inir.p.liirii.'ii.ni Handbooks of English Literature (London,
Ii.k.m. /•'<■/ j.j / ■.'■-. n.',./ \,,v, ,,» English
LUeraluri (London, I8«:i in i i.ni.i ,n II.); Enuh.iche
Leipzig ; Pub ' of th, Chaucer Society (Lon-
Puolicaliona of th, Modern Languog, Association o/
America (Baltimore); Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology
,,,,,/ / il.rolun (H..SI I'll,' I, .'-I short notice of Chaucer is
bj lliiis in Diet Nat. Biog , s. v.
Louise Imogen Gtjiney.
Chaumonot, Pierre-Joseph, Jesuit missionary in New York and Canada, b. near Chatillon-sur-Seine in France, 161) ; d. at Quebec, 21 February, 1693. His name is sometimes written Calmonotti or Calvonotti. Be entered the Jesuit novitiate at Rome, at the age nty-one, and arrived at Quebec, 1 August, 1639. In September he was already at work on the missions of Lake Huron, where Brebeuf was superior. He re- mained there until after the death of Brebeuf and his companions and the destruction of the missions. He , puted to conduit 400 Hurons to Quebec, and he established them on a reservation on the Isle of Orleans opposite the city. After Le Moyne had arranged for a mission among the Onondagas of New York, Chau- monot and Dablon viae sent to organize it. This mission lasted only two years; the priests and the fifty colonists who joined them subsequently being obliged to escape in the night to avoid a general massacre. Ret Mining to ( lanada, he devoted himself for the rest of his life to his Huron converts. He established his Christian settlement, known as Lorette, which after shilling several times was located finally on the rivei St. Charles when' it still exists, though it is called I .incite " in contradistinction to the "Anci- enne Lorette " established by Chaumonot, who died before the last migration. He was the founder of the Congregation of the Holy Family which figures exten- i earlj I lanadian history.
Tinvuns .', I I, Jesuit Relations, passim; Charlevoix, History '■ ' fork, 1872), II; Kochemonteix,
tea ei !•> NouveUe-France {Paris, 1896).
Thomas J. Campbell.
Chauncy, Maurice, Prior of the English Carthu- sians at Bruges, date of birth unknown; d. at Bruges, 2 July, 1581. He was the eldest son of John Chauncy, I -, | of Xrdi'liy. Hertford. Wood thinks he studied at < Ixford, and afterwards went to Cray's Inn for a course of law. Finally he entered the London Char- terhouse. In 1535 the majority of the Carthusians refused to take the oath of supremacy, but Chauncy, on his own confession, consented to take it. After the surrender of i he monastery in 1537. Chauncy with then joined the Carthusians of Sheen who had settled in Bruges. On the accession of Mary they re- turned to Sheen, and in 1556 Chauncy was elected prior. In 1558 they retired again to Bruges, living with their Flemish brethren until 1569, when they obtained a house of their own in St. Clare Street. I in hostility of the Calvinists compelled them to leave Bruges in 1578. Failing to settle at Douai,
they retired to Louvain (May, 1578). Chauncy died
at the old house in Bruges. In his history of the Carthusians he frequently laments his weakness in
taking I lie oath of supremacy. He wrote: "Historia
aliquot nostri sseculi Martyrum in Anglia", etc. i. Ma in/. 1550, and Bruges, 1583): "Commentariolusde vit:e ratione e( martyrio octodecim Cartusianorum qui in Anglia sub rege trucidati sunt" (Ghent, 1608),
a portion of which was reprinted ; "VitSB Martyrum
ianorum aliquot, qui Londini pro (Jnitate Ec-
desi i adversus harotioo- ", etc. j Milan. KiO(i). "The
Divine Cloud of Unknowing", in manuscript, is ed to him by Vnthony a Wood.
M I trd. Allen (London, 1878), 31;
£Wu Diaries (London, 1878), 1J0. 166, 180; Woon. Athenat
Oxoniensis. ed. Bliss (Lond
of Our Catholic Forefath
I j its. De Anglia Serif
Hertfordshire (London,
Dict.Eng. Cath. (Londo
in, 1813). I. 4, r >9; Morris. Troubu .
London, 1872). 1,9, 13, IS, 24, 25; bus I Paris, 1619), 77.'.; Cn iuncy, 6), 1. 1 16, 117, 121 ; Gillow . Bibl
G. E. Bind.
Chauveau, Pierre-Joseph-Octave, Canadian
statesman, b. at Quebec, ,.0 May, 1820; d. at Montreal,
4 April, 1890. After a brilliant course al the prepara-
tory seminary of Quebec, he studied law, and was
admitted to the Bar in 1841. He was already a con-
tributor to "Le Canadien" and "Le Courrier des
Etats-Unis", and his ready pen showed that he was
fitted to be a journalist rather than a barrister. In
1853 he published a novel dealing with Canadian
customs which brought him an enviable reputation
as a writer. Chauveau played a prominent political
role. Having been elected by the County of Quebec,
in 184S, to a seat in the Legislative Assembly, he was
made a minister in 1851, and later solicitor-general
and provincial secretary, but, in 1855 abandoned
politics. In that year he was chosen superintendent
of education. During the twelve years of his office
Chauveau gave a great impetus to primary instruc-
tion. He also established the first normal schools,
and for twelve years published the "Journal de
1 'Instruction Publique". Having resigned his posi-
tion as superintendent of education, in L867, he re-
turned to political life, to become first minister at
Quebec. In 1873 Chauveau was called to the
Senate, and became president of that body. Later
he was appointed president, of the Harbour Com-
mission of Quebec, and in 1877 was made sheriff of
Montreal, an office which he held until his death
He published an important work on the history oJ
public education, as well as a detailed biography ol
the historian Garneau, several poems, a paraphrase
of the "Dies irae", and a number of remarkable
articles in the "Journal de ('Instruction Publique".
OiiMF.T, Les noces d'or de la Saint-Jean-BaptisU !■■■', M
(Montreal, 1884); BlBADD, Le Pantheon canadien (Montreal, 1891); Bourassa, M. Chaui'cau ,1 I'ulie nalionale (M.inr real. 1895).
N. E. DlONNE.
Chavannes, Puvis de. See Puvis de Cha-
VANNES.
Chelm and Belz (Chelmensis et Belthiensis Rutenorum), a diocese of the Greek-Ruthenian Rite in Russian Poland, subject directly to the Holy See, and formerly a suffragan of Kijow. Established in 1592, this diocese was the last of the Uniat Church to withstand the persecution of the Russian Govern- ment. In 1841 Bishop Felix Szumborski (d. 185] I consented to order a return to the rite which had been in use before the union with Rome; but, admonished by the pope, he recalled the order. A struggle en sued between the Church and the civil authorities. All the priests who remained true to their faith were exiled and the faithful oppressed. As a result ol secution and schism, the Diocese of Chelm and Belz was virtually abolished.
Kirchcnler. (Freiburg i m Br.. 1891), VII, 145 Sq.i W'kunkr, Orliix Ten-arum Catholtcus (Freiburg im Hr.. 1890 . 113; I, tandier, Ann. pant. cath.
Leo A. Kelly.
Cheminais de Montaigu, Timoleon, pulpit orator, b. at Paris, 3 January, 1652; entered tin- Society of Jesus at fifteen, d. 15 September, 1689 After teaching rhetoric and the humanities at Ol leans, Cheminais was assigned to the work of preach- ing. Bayle declares that "many regarded him as the equal of Bourdaloue", though others declan this exaggerated. Before many years his health gave way. He was appointed court -preacher, I ml was unable to accept the honour, though De Backer asserts the contrary. His voice partly fail- ing him, he devoted himself to the instruction of
