EVREUX
671
EVREUX
bishop, Quintianus, was present at the Council of
Elvira early in the fourth century. There exists no
complete list of his successors for the next two cen-
turies, though some are known from ancient diptychs.
In 584 the Visigothic king, Leovirgild, incorporated
with his state the Kingdom of the iSuevi, to whicji
Evora had hitherto belonged. From the sixth and
seventh centuries there remain a few Christian in-
scriptions pertaining to Evora. In one of them has
been interpolated the name of a Bishop Julian (1 Dec,
566) ; he is, however, inadmissible. Thenceforth the
episcopal list is known from the reign of Reccared
(586) to the .\rab invasion (714), after which the suc-
cession is quite unknown for four centuries and a half,
with the exception of the epitaph of a Bishop Daniel
(Januarj', 1100). Until the reconquest (1166) by Al-
fonso I of Portugal, Evora was suffragan to Merida.
Under this king it became suffragan to Braga, despite
the protests of the Archbishops of Compostella, ad-
ministrators of Merida. In 1274, however, the latter
succeeded in bringing Evora within their jurisdiction.
Finally, it became suffragan to Lisbon from 1394 to
1544, when it was made an archbishopric. Its large
and splendid cathedral has undergone many architec-
tural changes. Among its illustrious prelates may be
mentioned Enrique (1540-64, 1578-80), the founder of
its university and King of Portugal (1578-80); Teu-
tonio de Braganza (1570-1602); and the scholarly
writers Alfonso de Portugal (1486-1522) and Father
Manuel de Cenaculo Villasboas (1802-14). Portu-
guese writers have maintained that the first bishop of
Evora was St. Mantius, a Roman, and a disciple of
Jesus Christ, sent by the Apostles into Spain as a mis-
sionary of the Gospel ; from his genuine acts it appears
that he was a devout Christian, put to death by the
Jews after the fourth century. Spanish Jews, it is
known, are mentioned in the fourth-century Council of
Elvira (can. 49).
FoNSECA, Evora gloriosa (Rome, 1728), 261-315; Espafm Sagrada (Madrid. 1786). XIV, 102-141; Gams, Series episcopo- rum (1873), 98-100; Supplem. (1879), 91; HObneb, Inscrip- tionen Hvspania Christiana: (Berlin, 1871), n. 1, 9, 10, 11, 213, 324; EOBEL, Hierarchia calholica vwdii wvi (Munich, 1901), 1, 165, II, 245.
F. FiTA.
Evreux, Diocese op (Ebroicensis), in the Depart- ment of Eure, France; suffragan of the Archbishopric of Rouen. A legend purporting to date from a cer- tain Deodatus, who is said to have been converted and then later ordained by St. Taurinus, makes the latter first Bishop of Evreux. According to this legend St. Taurinus was baptized at Rome by St. Clement and sent into Gaul as a companion to St. Denis. According to Mgr. Duchesne this legend arose about the ninth century, when Abbot Hilduin of Saints Denis was intent on proving the identity of Dionysius the Areopagite with Dionysius (Denis), first Bishop of Paris. It is certain that in the time of Charles the Bald (ninth century) St. Taurinus was held in high esteem at Evreux; still earlier. Bishop Landulphus, who seems to have occupied the See of Evreux at the beginning of the seventh century, had built the basil- ica in his honour.
It is also impossible to fix the date of the reign of St. Gaud, who died a hermit at St. Pair, in the Cotentin. The first historically known Bishop of E\Teux is Maurusio, who was present at the Council of Orleans in 511. Other bishops of E\Teux are: St. Landul- phus, St. Eternus, and St. Aquilinus (seventh century) ; Gilbert ( 1071-1 112), sent by William the Conqueror to Alexander II, who preached the funeral oration over the Conqueror; Gilles de Perche (1170-79), sent by Henry II of England as ambassador to Rome; Jean (1181-92), a friend of Henry II, who in Cyprus (1190) crowned Berengaria Queen of England ; Guillaume de Contiers (1400-18), an active member of the Council of Constance; Jean de la Balue (1465-67), who later
became a prisoner of Louis XI ; Claude de Saintes, the
Apologist (1575-91); Du Perron (1593-1606), a great
factor in the abjuration of Henry IV. Thomas Lindet
(174.3-1823), a member of the Convention, was ap-
pointed constitutional Bishop of E\Teu.x from March,
1791, to November, 1792. The following saints are
venerated in the diocese: St. Maximus and St. Vene-
randus, martyrs, at Acquigny on the Eure; St. Leu-
froy (Leufredus), founder of the Benedictine monas-
tery at La-Croi.x Saint-Ouen (Audoenus), who died 21
June, 738, and his brother St. Aifroy (Agofredus), who
succeeded him.
The cathedral of Evreux is one of the oldest in France; its octagonal dome w-as built at Cardinal Balue 's expense; the church of Gisors has fine sculp-
tures, among them a statue by Jean Goujon. There
are pilgrimages to the shrine of Notre-Dame de !a
Couture at Bernay (since the tenth century); to that
of Notre-Dame des Arcs at Pont de 1' Arche; and to a
relic of St. Clotilda venerated at .\ndelys. Previous
to the anti-Congregations law of 1901, there were
Jesuits and Lazarists at Evreux. Communities of
nuns devoted to teaching and the relief of the poor
were: the Dominicans of St. Catherine of Siena, an in-
stitute founded in 1878 at Etr^pagny, which has three
houses in the English West Indies ; and especially the
Sisters of Providence of EvTeux, an order founded in
1700 by Justine Duvivier and her brother Father
Duvivier in a small hamlet called Caer. It was or-
ganized by Father James, an Eudist missionary, and
re-established in 1804 by Charlotte Le Mesle; it had
several houses in the diocese. The charitable institu-
tions in charge of religious orders were in 1900' 2
crfiches, 10 day-nurseries, 1 orphan asylum for boys,
12 for girls, 3 workrooms, 19 homos for the aged, 11
dispensaries, 2 houses of retreat, antl 1 insane asylum.
The Diocese of Evreux comprised in 1905 (close of the
Concordat period) 334,781 inhabitants, 37 parishes,
545 succursal parishes (mission churches), and 25
vicariates paid by the State,
Gallia Christiana (iVona), (1759\ XI, 564, 625; instrumenla. 123, 152; Chassa.nt and Saw AGt:/Iiistoire des evequesd' Evreux
