ATE 324 ATHaBVANA ATE (a'te), in Greek mythology, the goddess of hate, injustice, crime and retribution. At the birth of Hercules she led Zeus to make a rash oath, in con- sequence of which she was hur'od from Olympus to the earth, where she still worked mischief. The Litai, daughters of Zeus, followed her, and, if prayed to, repaired the evil she had perpetrated. ATELES (at'e-les), a genus of South American monkeys, of the division with long prehensile tails, to which the name Sapajou is sometimes collectively ap- plied. The English name of spider- monkey is sometimes used as a generic designation; the fore-limbs are either destitute of a thumb or have a rudimen- tary one. ATELLAN^ PABTJL^ (at-el-an'e[i] fab'6-le[i], called also Oscan plays), a kind of light interlude, in ancient Rome, performed, not by the regular _ actors, but by freeborn young Romans; it origi- nated from the ancient Atella, a city of the Oscans. ATHABASCA, a river lake, and for- mer district of Canada. The Athabasca or Elk river rises on the E. slopes of the Rocky Mountains in the province of Al- berta, flows in a N. E. direction through the province of the same name, and falls into Lake Athabasca after a course of about 750 miles. Lake Athabasca, or Lake of the Hills, is about 190 miles S. S. E. of the Great Slave Lake, with which it is connected by means of the Slave river, a continuation of the Peace. It is about 200 miles in length from E. to W., and about 35 miles wide at the broadest part, but gradually narrows to a point at either extremity. The district of Athabaska, formed in 1882, lay im- mediately E. of British Columbia and N. of Alberta; area about 251,900 square miles. Its territory was in 1905 ab- sorbed by the provinces of Alberta, Sas- katchewan, and Manitoba. ATHABASCAN INDIANS, a linguis- tic stock of North American Indians, extending from British North America and Alaska to Mexico, who derive their name from Lake Athabasca in British North America. The locations of this Indian family are best given under three groups: Northern, Pacific and South- ern. (1) The Northern group includes all the Athabascan tribes of Alaska and British North America, among which are the Ah-tena, K'naiakhotana, Kutchin, Kaiyvh-khotana, KoyK-khotana, Montag- nais, Una-khotana, Montoguards, and TakuUi. (2) The Pacific group consists of the tribes inhabiting the present States of Washington, Oregon, and Cali- fornia, to which regions they migrated upon the advent of the white man. Among the tribes of this division are Chasta Costa, Kaltserea tunne, Hupa, Chetco, Kenesti, Kwatami, Kwalhiokwa, Micikqwutme, Mikono tunne, Owilapsh, Qwinctunnetun, Teceme, Naltunne, Saiaz, Tcetlestcan tunne, Tolowa, Glata- kanai, Yukitce, and Tutu. (3) The South- ern group, which is the best known, is composed of the various Apache, Navajo and Lipan tribes, who inhabit Oklahoma, Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. The number of these Indians is about 30,000. ATHANASIAN CREED, a formulary or confession of faith, said to have been drawn up by Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, in the 4th century, to justify himself against the calumnies of his Arian enemies. It was famous in the 6th century and commented upon, to- gether with the Lord's Prayer and Apos- tles' Creed, by Venantius Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers. It was not, however, then styled the Athanasian Creed, but simply the Catholic Faith. The Sabel- lians considered the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as one in person; this was "confounding the persons": the Arians considered them as differing in essence; this was "dividing the substance"; and against these two errors was the creed originally framed. This creed was used in France about the year 850; was re- ceived in Spain about 100 years later, and in Germany about the same time. It was both said and sung in England in the 10th century; was commonly used in Italy at the expiration of that century, and at Rome a little later. This creed is appointed to be read in the Church of England. ATHANASIUS, ST. (ath-a-na'she-us), one of the fathers of the Christian Church, born at Alexandria about 296 A. D. He distinguished himself by his eloquence at the Synod of Nice (325), where his efforts were instrumental in securing the acceptance of the Nicene Creed. The creed which bears his name was supposed to have been formulated by him, but the term Athanasian was not applied to it until some centuries after his death. He became Patriarch of Alexandria in 328, being afterward de- posed and reinstated five times. His chief works, including "Orations Against the Arians" and "Festal Letters," ap- peared in an English translation by Archibald Robertson (New York, 1892). He died in Alexandria, May 2, 373. ATHARVANA (at-a'van-e), fourth of the Indian Vedas. the
