CATHARINE OF BRAGANZA 381 CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY ried to his remaining son, Henry, and a dispensation was procured from the Pope for that purpose. On his accession to the throne as Henry VIII. in 1509 she was crowned with him, and despite the inequality of their ages retained her ascendency with the king for nearly 20 years. Her children, however, all died in infancy, excepting Mary, and on the advent of Anne Boleyn, Henry affected to doubt the legality of his union with Catharine. He applied therefore to Rome for a divorce, but the attitude of the papal court ultimately provoked him to throw off his submission to it, and declare himself head of the English Church. In 1532 he married Anne Bo- leyn; upon which Catharine, no longer considered Queen of England, retired to Ampthill in ' Bedfordshire. Cranmer, now raised to the primacy, pronounced the sentence of divorce, notwithstanding which, Catharine still persisted in main- taining her claims, showing from first to last a firm and dignified spirit. She died in January, 1536. CATHARINE OF BRAGANZA, wife of Charles II., King of England, and daughter of John IV., King of Portugal, was born in 1638. In 1662 she married Charles II., but her husband's infideli- ties and neglect, and her childlessness, were a source of mortification to her. In 1693 she returned to Portugal, where, in 1704, she was made regent, and in the conduct of affairs during the war with Spain showed marked ability. She died in 1705. CATHARINE PARR. See Parr. CATHEDRAL, the Cathedral city is the seat of the bishop of the diocese, and his throne is placed in the Cathedral church, which is the parish church of the whole diocese. The distinction between Cathedral and collegiate churches con- sists principally in the see of the bishop being at the former. The governing body of a Cathedral is called the dean and chapter. St. Peter's, at Rome, is un- equaled in magnitude and splendor by any other Christian fane in the world. The Cathedral of St. John the Divine (P. E.), in New York, will, when com- pleted, be the most ambitious structure of the kind on this continent. CATHEDRAL PEAK, a peak of the Sierra Nevada Range, situated in Mari- posa CO., Cal. It is of granite formation and contains the source of the Merced river. Height, 11,000 feet. CATHERWOOD. MARY HART- WELL, an American writer, born in Luray, O., Dec. 16, 1847. She wrote "Craque-o'-Doom," "The Romance of 25— Vol. DoUard," "The Story of Tonty," "A Woman in Armor," "The Lady of Fort St. John," "The Chase of St. Castin, and Other Tales," "The Spirit of an Illinois Town," "The White Islander," and other novels. She died in 1902. CATHOLIC CHURCH, the universal Church, the whole body of true believers in Christ; but the term is often used as equivalent to the Roman or Western Church. Like most other words used in ecclesi- ology, the term Catholic was borrowed at first from the New Testament. It occurs in some editions of the Greek original, in the titles prefixed to the Epistles of James, I and II Peter, I John, and Jude, and is the word translated "general" in the Authorized Version of the Bible. The first to apply it to the Church was the Apostolic Father Ignatius. When he and his successors used it they meant to in- dicate that the Church of which they con- stituted a part comprised the main body of believers, and was designed, as it was entitled, to be universal. In this sense the Church was opposed to the sects and separate bodies of heretics who had sep- arated themselves from it and were now outside its pale. When, in the 8th century, the separa- tion between the Eastern and Western Churches took place, the latter retained as one of its appellations the term "Cath- olic," the Eastern Church being content- ed with the word "Orthodox." When the Protestant churches sepa- rated from their communion with Rome in the 16th century, those whom they had left naturally regarded them as outside the Catholic pale. They, on the other hand, declined to admit that this was the case, and the term "Catholic Church" is used in the English Liturgy apparently in the sense of all persons making a Christian profession. "More especially we pray Thee for the good estate of the Catholic Church . . . that all who profess and call themselves Christians. . . ." See Roman Catholic Church. CATHOLIC SUMMER SCHOOL OP AMERICA, a school under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, founded at Cliff Haven, near Plattsburg, Lake Champlain, N. Y. In general the studies resemble those of the Chautauqua Sum- rjier School. There are courses in his- tory, literature, philosophy, political sci- ence, and religion. Lessons are held from July to September of each year, and the work is continued by means of reading and study clubs. CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, an institution in Washing- ton, D. C, founded in 1889, under the u — Cyc
