CHEH-CHIANG 444 CHELSEA threatened to bombard the forts if their hostile attitude was not abandoned. There were 150 missionaries in the city, whose rescue from peril was thus ef- fected. Pop. about 55,000. CHEH-CHIANG, or CHEH-KIANG, a maritime province of China proper, in which is included the Chusan archipel- ago. Cheh-Chiang is bounded N. by the province of Chiang-Su (Kiang-Su), E. by the Eastern sea or East China Sea (Tung-Hai), S. by the province of Fu- Chien (Fo-Kien), and W. by the prov- inces of Chiang-Hsi (Kiang-Si) and Ngan-Hwei (An-Hui or Gan-Hui). As a province, Cheh-Chiang is of great com- mercial importance, containing three treaty ports, Ning-Po, Wan-Chau (Wen- Chow), and Hang-Chau (Hang-Chow), all of which are to be connected with Shanghai by a projected railway under British control. The area of Cheh- Chiang is 36,670 square miles (about that of Indiana), and the population about 14,000,000. There are thousands of native Christians. The province is mountainous and trav- ersed by rivers, notably the Tsien-Tang and Ta-Kia, which run down to the East- ern sea. The Grand canal affords the only means of internal communication apart from an extensive system of nar- row foot roads. Trade in silk and tea is well developed, this province being, with Chiang-Su and Fu-Kien, the first to con- tain a treaty port, that of Ning-Po, opened in 1844. Besides tea and silk the province produces cotton and sedge for hats and mats. It imports cotton and woolen goods, tin and iron, kerosene oil, indigo and sugar. Hang-Chow is the capital of the prov- ince. Marco Polo visited the province in the 14th century, when it contained beau- tiful temples, now in ruins. The most magnificent architectural feature of the province is the temple of the Queen of Heaven, dating from 1680. Cheh-Chiang suffered severely during the Tai-Ping rebellion in 1861. It contains the gate- way to the Grand canal, or system of Chinese waterways. The Italians in l900 laid claim to part of Cheh-Chiang as a sphere of influence, and unsuccess- fully demanded the privilege of estab- lishing a port on the coast to be called San Mun. CHEIROMANCY. See Palmistry. CHEKHOV. ANTON PAVLOVITCH, a Russian author, born at Taganrog, in 1860. He studied medicine at the Mos- cow University, but soon engaged upon a literary career. His first writings were of a humorous nature and were im- mediately successful. He soon wrote in a more serious vein and was proclaimed by literary circles to be the greatest figure in Russian literature since the days of Turgenev. He wrote over 150 short stories, a number of plays, and one complete novel. Comparatively few of his writings have been translated into English. These are stories which have appeared in magazines. Among his plays, accessible in the English, are "The Sea Gull" (1905); "The Cherry Garden" (1908); "The Swan Song" (1912), and "Uncle Vanya" (1912). CHELMSFORD, FREDERIC AUGUS- TUS THESIGER, LORD, eldest son of the first Lord Chelmsford, who was twice lord-chancellor of England ; born May 21, 1827, educated at Eton, served in the Crimea and through the Indian mutiny. As deputy adjutant-general he served in the Abyssinian campaign, was nomi- nated C. B., made aide-de-camp to Her Majesty, and adjutant-general to the forces in India (1868-1876), and in 1877 was appointed commander of the forces and lieutenant-governor of Cape Colony. He restored Kaffraria to tranquillity, and was given the chief command in the Zulu war of 1879. After great difficul- ties with the transport, and some disas- ters, he gained the decisive victory of Ulundi, before the arrival of Sir Garnet Wolseley, who had been sent to super- sede him. On his return to England he was made G. C. B., and in 1884 lieuten- ant of the Tower. He died in 1905. CHELMSFORD. FREDERIC JOHN NAPIER THESIGER, 3rd BARON, an English administrator, born in 1868. He was educated in Oxford, and after filling several posts in the administration of London, he was appointed Governor of Queensland in 1905, serving until 1909, when he became Governor of New South Wales. He remained in this post until 1913. In 1916 he was appointed Viceroy of India. CHELONE, a genus of turtles, includ- ing the tortoise, often written chelonia. See Tortoise and Turtle. CHELSEA, a city in Suffolk county, Mass.; separated from East Boston by Chelsea creek, and from Charlestown by the Mystic river. It is a suburb of Boston, and is connected with it by fer- ries, electric and steam railroads; and the Mystic river is crossed here by a bridge 3,000 feet long. Chelsea has a United States Navi.1 and Marine Hos- pital, Soldiers' Home, Fitz Public Library, court house, city hall, etc. Though Chelsea is in the Boston customs district and most of its business men are directly identified with the interests of
