CLABE COLLEGE CLARINET dictine rule, but the austerity of this rule was mitigated by St. Francis in 1224, and further modified by Urban IV. in 1265. Several convents adhered to the first and strictest rule; but the large proportion of the nuns adopted Urban's rule, and are distinguished as Urbanists. The existing convents are chiefly devoted to the education of girls. CLARE COLLEGE, a college of the University of Cambridge, founded in 1326 by Elizabeth, sister of the Earl of Clare. It has much-admired buildings in the Renaissance style. CLAREMONT, a tovsrn in Sullivan CO., N. H.; on the Sugar river, and the Boston & Maine railroad ; 48 miles N. W. of Concord. Sugar river, v^^ith a fall of 150 feet in a mile, supplies power for numerous local cotton and woolen mills, paper and shoe factories, and machine shops. The town is the farming trade center of the surrounding region and has several churches, weekly newspapers, a high school, free library, public schools, tv/o National banks, etc. Pop. (1910) 7,529; (1920) 9,524. CLARENDON, CONSTITUTIONS OF, a code of laws adopted in the 10th year of Henry II. (January, 1164), at a council of prelates and barons held at the village of Clarendon, Wiltshire. These laws, which were finally digested into 16 articles, were brought forward by the king as "the ancient customs of the realm," and were enacted as such by the council, but they really involved a great scheme of administrative reform in the assertion of the supremacy of the State over clergy and laity alike. The power of the ecclesiastical courts was re- stricted, the crown secured the right of interference in elections to ecclesiastical offices, appeals to Rome were made de- pendent on the king's leave, ecclesiastical dignitaries were deprived of their free- dom to leave the country without the royal permission, etc. Becket signed them, but retracted his signature on the refusal of Pope Alexander III. to counte- nance them. Becket's murder followed, and to effect a reconciliation with the pope Henry promised the amendment of the Constitutions of Clarendon. They were accordingly modified in 1176 at Northampton in favor of the Church, but they are not the less to be regarded as containing the germ of the ecclesias- tical policy of Henry VIII. CLARENDON, EDWARD HYDE. EARL OF, Lord High Chancellor of England; bom in Dinton, Wiltshire, in 1608. During the civil wars he zealously attached himself to the royal cause, was made successively chancellor of the ex- chequer and privy councillor, and was the chief adviser of the king. After the failure of the royalist arms he took ref- uge in Jersey, and then joined Prince Charles in Holland. He contributed to the Restoration, accompanied Charles II. to London, and was made Lord Chan- cellor. In his judicial capacity his con- duct was irreproachable, and he was the defender of his country's freedom against the abuses of the royal power; but he at lengfth became unpopular, was removed from his high employments, and banished by act of Parliament. His "History of the Rebellion," though con- sidered by some as a partial, inaccurate, and untrustworthy narrative, is one of the most remarkable works in the litera- ture of his time. His daughter Anne was married to the Duke of York, afterward James II., and two daughters, Anne and Mary, the fruit of this marriage, both ascended the English throne. He died in Rouen in 1674. CLARET, a name originally given to wines of a light-red color, but now ap- plied to the red wines imported from France, chiefly from Bordeaux. These wines vary in composition according to the locality, season, and age, but the produce of each vineyard usually retains its own peculiar characteristics. The most esteemed are those produced at the vineyards of Lafitte, Latour, Chateau Margaux, and others. Many of the clar- ets formerly sold in the United States were nothing more than the vin ordinaire used by the French peasants and work- ing classes, but the development of the California grape industry made it possi- ble to obtain as good domestic claret here as anywhere. CLARETIE, JULES (klar-te'), a French novelist and dramatist; born in Limoges, Dec. 3, 1840. He wrote a long series of very successful novels, the most noteworthy of them being "Madeleine Bertin" (1868); "The Million" (1882); "Monsieur the Minister" (1882) ; "Noris, Manners of the Time" (1883) ; "The American Woman" (1892) ; etc. He wrote also some striking chapters of con- temporary history, as "The Revolution of 1870-1871"; "Paris Besieged"; "Five Years After: Alsace and Lorraine Since Annexation." His dramatic composi- tions relate mostly to the time of the great Revolution. He became adminis- trator of the Comedie Fran?aise in 1885, and was chosen member of the Academy in 1888. He died in 1913. CLARINET, or CLARIONET, a musi- cal instrument akin to the clarion. It was modified from the ancient shawm,
