GUSHING 229 CUSTER D. C, who died in 1906. He traveled ex- tensively in central Asia, Persia, Afghan- istan, Siam, Indo-China, and Korea, and received in 1895 the Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society, of which so- ciety he was president from 1911 to 1914. Among the many other honors which have been bestowed upon him were a fellowship in the British Academy (1908); a fellowship in All Souls' Col- lege, Oxford (1883) ; honorary degrees from the universities of Oxford (1904), Cambridge (1907), Manchester (1908), Glasgow (1911), and Durham (1913). He was also made Romanes Lecturer at Oxford University in 1907, Lord Rector of Glasgow University in 1908, Honorary Fellow of Balliol College in 1907, Rede EARL CURZON Lecturer of Cambridge University in 1913, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1904 to 1905, and Trustee of the National Gallery in 1911. He wrote "Russia in Central Asia" (1889) ; "Persia and the Persian Question" (1892) ; "Problems of the Far East" (1894) ; "Lord Curzon in India" (1906) ; "Principles and Methods of University Reform" (1909) ; "Modern Parliamentary Eloquence" (1913) ; "War Poems and Other Translations" (1915) ; "Subjects of the Day" (1915) ; etc. GUSHING, GAIiEB, an American jurist, statesman, and diplomatist; born in Salisbury, Mass., Jan. 17, 1800. He was United States commissioner to China (1843-1844); Attorney-General (1853- 1857) ; counsel before the Geneva Arbi- tration Tribunal (1871-1872) ; minister to Spain (1874-1877). He published: "Rem- iniscences of Spain," "Life of William Henry Harrison" (1840); "History of Newburyport" (1826) ; etc. He died in Newburyport, Mass., Jan. 2, 1879. GUSHING, FRANK HAMILTON, an American ethnologist; born in Northeast, Pa., July 22, 1857. At first a farmer boy, he became interested in Indian relics, and when 19 years old was made curator of the ethnological exhibit at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Accompany- ing Powell's New Mexico expedition, he settled among the Zuni Indians for the purpose of study. In 1881 he conducted excavations in Arizona, and in 1895 dis- covered archaeological remains in Florida. In 1897 he became connected with the United States Bureau of Ethnology. Among his works are "The Myths of Creation," and "The Arrow." He died in Washington, April 10, 1900. GUSHING, WILLIAM BARKER, an American naval officer; born in Delafield, Wis., Nov. 4, 1842. He entered the navy as a volunteer officer in 1861, and dis- tinguished himself in a number of bril- liant operations. His greatest exploit was in October, 1864. For some time previous nothing had been able to cope with the Confederate ram "Albemarle" in the sounds of North Carolina. She had successfully encountered a strong fleet of Federal gunboats and fought for several hours without sustaining material damage. Gushing volunteered to destroy the ram, and on the night of Oct 27 accomplished the feat. For this he re- ceived the thanks of Congress, and was made a lieutenant-commander, becoming a commander in 1872. He died in Wash- ington, D. C, Dec. 17, 1874. GUSHMAN, GHARLOTTE SAUN- DERS, an American actress; born in Boston, July 23, 1816; appeared first in opera in 1834, and as Lady Macbeth m 1835. Miss Cushman played sometimes in high comedy, but her name is identi- fied with tragic parts. In 1844 she ac- companied Macready on a tour through the Northern States, and afterward ap- peared in London, where she was well re- ceived in a range of characters that in- cluded Lady Macbeth, Rosalind, Meg Merrilies, and Romeo — her sister Susan (1822-1859) playing Juliet. Miss Cush- man retired from the stage in 1875, and died in Boston, Feb. 18, 1876. CUSTER, GEORGE ARMSTRONG, an American soldier; born in New Rum-
