HUGUENOT 79 HUMANE ASSOCIATION "The Four Winds of the Spirit," a vol- ume containing some of his most charm- ing lyrics. He died in Paris, May 22, 1885, and was buried in the Pantheon. HUGUENOT (hu'ge-not), a nickname formerly applied by the Roman Catholics to the Protestants of France, who were nearly all Calvinists, and who converted the appellation into one of honor in- stead of reproach. D'Aubigne believed that the Reformation began in France in A. D. 1512, while that of Switzerland com- menced in 1516, and that of Germany in 1517. For a time France seemed as likely as the other two countries to adopt Protestantism. Though Margaret, the sister of Francis I., had favored it, yet that king had been strongly against it, as were Francis II. and Henry II. It arose among the people, and through their sympathy became so formidable that when, in 15G1, a year after the ac- cession of Charles IX., the Huguenots were prohibited from preaching, they took up arms to achieve religious liberty. The struggle went on for the next cen- tury and a quarter. Its two most not- able incidents were the Massacre of St. Bartholomew and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. See Bartholomew, Massacre of St.: Edict op Nantes. HUGUENOT SOCIETY OE AMER- ICA, a patriotic organization having for its purpose the promotion of Huguenot principles, the celebration of events in the history of the Huguenots, and the col- lection and preservation of documents having relation to the arrival and record of Huguenots in America. The society was organized in New York in 1883 and incorporated in 1885. Membership is in l^e main confined to descendants of Huguenot families who came to America before the Edict of Toleration of 1787. The principal office of the society is in New York, where the archives are stored, and whence is issued its chief publica- tion. Members are entitled to wear in- signia consisting of a badge bearing a device of Margarite de Valois, pendant from a gold dove with wings outspread, and bearing on the reverse the name and society number of the wearer. There are branches of the society in nearly all the States. HUIA BIRD (Heteralocha acutiros- trU ) , a remarkable .New Zealand star- ling, now restricted to a few wooded and nwuntainous regions. The plumage is black, except on the white tips of the tail feathers; there is a wattle at the corner of the mouth; the bill of the female is strikingly different from that of her mate, being long, much curved, and pliant, instead of straight and strong as in the male. HULL. See Kingston-on-Hull. HULL, the chief town of Ottawa co., Quebec, Canada, on the Ottawa river, op- posite Ottawa {q. v.), with which it is connected by a suspension bridge. It has mills, and manufactures axes, matches, and wooden wares. It was al- most entirely desti'oyed by fire in 1900. Pop. about 20,000. HULL, ISAAC, an American naval officer; born in Derby, Conn., March 9, 1775. In July, 1812, he commanded the frigate "Constitution." While cruising in the Gulf of St. Lawrence he met the British frigate "Guerriere," which, after a bloody fight of half an hour, surren- dered, Aug. 19, 1812. The "Guerriere" was so injured in the battle that rhe soon sank. The British ship lost 100 men; the "Constitution" had 14 men killed and wounded, and within an hour or so was ready for another fight. This was the first naval battle of the War of 1812, and Congress gave Captain Hull a gold medal for his services. He died in Phila- delphia, Pa., Feb. 3, 1843. HULSEAN LECTURES. The Rev. John Hulse; born in Middlewich, Cheshire, England, in 1708, was edu- cated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and died in 1790, bequeathing his prop- erty to Cambridge University for the founding of two divinity scholarships in St. John's College, the Hulsean Prize, the office of Christian Advocate (in 1860 changed into the Hulsean Professorship of Divinity), and that of Hulsean Lec- turer or Christian Preacher. The lec- turer, appointed annually, must deliver four lectures before the university. The subjects are "The Evidence for Re- vealed Religion; the Truth and Excel- lence of Christianity; Prophecies and Miracles; Direct or Collateral Proofs of the Christian Religion, especially the Collateral Arguments; the most difficult Texts or Obscure Parts of Holy Scrip- ture." Among the lecturers have been Trench, Farrar, and Bishop Boyd Car- penter. HUMANE ASSOCIATION, AMERI- CAN, a federation of approximately 300 societies which has for its object the pre- vention of cruelty to children and to ani- mals. It originated in a meeting held in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1877 which had before it the question of providing proper facilities for cattle in transit from West to the East. Owing to the efforts of the society the cars were im- proved and the former cruelties were
