KILAUEA 344 KILOGRAMME KILAUEA (kil-ou-e'a), an active vol- cano in Hawaii. It has an oval crater, 9 miles in circumference, with a lake of red and boiling lava at the bottom, over 1,000 feet below the crater's mouth. KILDA, ST., a small and rocky is- land in the Atlantic Ocean, belonging to Scotlaiid, 40 miles N. W. from the N. W. extremity of the island of N. Uist. KILDARE, a town in Kildare county, Ireland, 30 miles S. W. of Dublin. Bridget founded a nunnery here, and the older name Druim Criaidh was changed to Cil-dara, the cell or church of the oak, from an old tree under whose shadow the saint built her cell. KILIMA-NJARO (kil-e-man-jaro), an isolated mountain mass in East Africa, standing between Victoria Ny- anza and the coast. The mass consists of two peaks, or rather craters, Kibo and Kimawenzi, connected by a broad saddle (14,000 feet) studded with lava hills. Its highest point is about 19,680 feet above sea-level. Kimawenzi is more than 17,250 feet high. KILKENNY, the capital of the Irish county of that name. Near the city is the Roman Catholic college of St. Kyran. Several Parliaments were held at Kil- kenny in the 14th century, and even down to Henry VIII. it was the resi- dence, occasionally at any rate, of the lord-lieutenant. It was here that in 1367 was passed the stringent "Statute of Kil- kenny," meant to prevent the Anglo-Irish from becoming more Irish — forbidding intermarriage, etc. — and here that in 1642 the Assembly of Confederate Catholics gathered. Cromwell laid siege to the city in 1648, and in 1650 it capitu- lated on honorable terms. The fable of the "Kilkenny cats," was a satire on the contentions of Kilkenny and Irishtown in the 17th centuries which went on till both towns were impoverished. Pop. about 10,000. KILLARNEY, a small market town in the county of Kerry, Ireland, 1% miles from the lower Killarney Lake. Its importance depends on the crowds of tourists who come to visit the famous lakes. On the shores of the lakes are marble quarries, yielding several varie- ties — green, red, white, and brown — and also some old copper mines. KILLARNEY, LAKES OF, a series of three connected sheets of water. These famous lakes are situated in a basin in the midst of the mountains of Kerry, some of which rise abruptly from the water's edge densely clothed with trees from base to summit. Between the lower and the middle lakes is the fine ruin of Muckross Abbey. KILLDEE, or KILLDEER, a small American bird akin to the plover. It is of a light brown color above, each feather tipped with brownish-red. There is a black ring round the neck. KILLER WHALE, one of the Delphinidse (dolphins). It is from 18 to 30 feet long, glossy black above, and white below, with a white patch above the eye, and sometimes a grayish saddle mark on the back. Its fierceness and voracity constitute it the terror of the ocean. They hunt in small packs, and are particularly abundant near some of the Pacific sealing grounds. KILLIECRANKIE, a pass through the Grampian Mountains in Scotland. At the N. extremity, the Revolutionary army, under General Mackay, was ut- terly defeated, in 1689, by the Royalists, under Grahame of Claverhouse, who fell in the moment of victory. KILMER, JOYCE, an American poet and author, born in New Brunswick, N. J., in 1886. He was engaged in news- paper and editorial work in New York City and was editor of the "New York Times Review of Books" in 1913. He was killed in 1918 while serving with the American Expeditionary Forces in France. His published writings include "Summer of Love" (1911) ; "Trees and Other Poems" (1915) ; "Main Street and Other Poems" (1917) ; "Literature in the Making" (1917). He also compiled "Dreams and Images, an Anthology of Catholic Poets" (1917). KILN, a furnace for calcining; as plaster of Paris or carbonate of lime in its shapes of marble, chalk, or limestone; for baking articles of clay in the biscuit condition, as a biscuit-kiln; for drying malt, hops, lumber, grain, fruit, p^arch, biscuit, etc.; for vitrifying articles of clay, such as pottery, porcelain, bricks. KILOGRAMME, or KILOGRAM, a French measure of weight = 1,000 grammes. A kilogramme as a measure of mass = 15,432.34874 grains, of which the new standard pound contains 7,000. A kilogramme weighs nearly 9.81 X 10^ dynes. In measuring pressure, a kilo- gramme per square meter = 98.1 dynes per square centimeter nearly; a kilo- gramme per square decimeter = 9.81 X 10^ dynes per square centimeter nearly; a kilogramme per square centimeter = 9.81 X 105 dynes per square centimeter nearly; a kilogramme per square milli- meter = 9.81 X 10' dynes per square centimeter nearly.
