KOROLENKO 368 KOSSOVO man nation against Napoleon inspired Korner with patriotic ardor. He dis- played heroic personal courage in many fights and encouraged his comrades by fiery patriotic songs. These published in 1814 under the title of "Lyre and Sword," are regarded by the Germans with a kind of sacred admira- tion. The most famous of these pieces is the "Sword Song," composed in a pause of battle, and only a few hours before the author fell, Aug. 26, 1813. KOROLENKO, VLADIMIR, a Rus- sian author. He was born at Jitomir in 1853 and was educated at Jitomir, Rovno, the Technological Institute, Petrograd; Moscow Agricultural Academy. He was banished to Vologda, settled in Kronstadt, and returned to Petrograd in 1877. He was banished to Glasov, then to Berezov- skava-pochinka ; imprisoned in Viatka, moved to Tomsk and to Perm in 1880. He then went to Yakutsk and settled in Nijni-Novgorod in 1885. He went to Petrograd in 1896, and since 1900 has been associated with the editing of the journal "Russkoe Bogatshbo." His works include: "Makar's Dream"; "In the Hunger- Year"; "The History of a Contemporary of Mine"; "The Blind Mu- sician"; "Without Speech"; and three volumes of tales and sketches. KOSCIUSKO, or KOSCIUSZKO. TA- DEUSZ, a Polish patriot; born in Lithu- ania, Feb. 12, 1746. He chose the career of arms, and was trained in France. In 1777 an unhappy love affair drove him to the United States, where he fought for the colonists and advanced to the rank of Brigadier General. He returned to Poland in 1786. When Russia at- tacked his country in 1792, Kosciusko held a position at Dubienka for five days with only 4,000 men against 18,000 Rus- sians. King Stanislaus submitted to the Empress Catharine, whereupon Kos- ciusko resigned and retired to Leipsic. After the second partition of Poland he led the national movement in Cracow and was appointed dictator and com- mander-in-chief (1794). His defeat of a greatly superior force of Russians at Raclawice was followed by a rising of the Poles in Warsaw. He established a pro- visional government and took the field against the Prussians, but, defeated, fell back upon Warsaw. He was overpow- ered by superior numbers in the battle of Maciejowice, Oct. 10, 1794; and, cov- ered with wounds, fell into the hands of his enemies. Two years later the Em- peror Paul restored him to liberty. He spent the remainder of his life chiefly in France. When Napoleon, in 180G, formed a plan for the restoration of Po- land, Kosciusko refused his aid. In 1814 he besought the Emperor Alexander to grant an amnesty to the Poles in foreign countries, and to make himself constitu- TADEUSZ KOSCIUSKO tional King of Poland. He died in Switzerland Oct. 15, 1817, by the fall of his horse over a precipice. KOSCIUSKO, MOUNT, one of the highest mountain peaks in Australia, in the Muniong Alps, in New South Wales, near the frontier of Victoria; 7,808 feet high. KOSHER, pure, according to the Jewish ordinances. Thus "Kosher meat" is meat killed and prepared by Jews af- ter the Jewish manner, and so fit to be eaten by Jews. KOSLIN, a town in Pomerania, Ger- many, situated about 8 miles from the Baltic Sea. In addition to a number of churches and schools it has Important soap, paper and silk factories. Pop. about 25,000. KOSLOV, a town in the province of Tambov, Russia, about 250 miles S. E. of Moscow, The district is noted for its breed of horses, and as Koslov is at the junction of two railroad lines it does a considerable business in live-stock and grain. Pop. about 50,000. KOSSOVO, the " Field of Blackbirds," a plain in Turkey, near the Serbian frontier W. of the Prishtina, on which two battles were fought: (1) between Sultan Murad I. and the Servians under their Tsar Lazar, June 15, 1389; both sovereigns fell, and the Serbians lost their independence in consequence of
