LAMARCK 402 LAMB removed to Texas, then on the verge of revolution, in which he later took an active part. He distinguished himself at the battle of San Jacinto. He after- ward became, successively, attorney-gen- eral and secretary of war to the new republic. In 1836 he was elected vice- president, and in 1838-1841 president. On the outbreak of the Mexican War, as LUCIUS Q. C. LAMAR Major-General, he cerved at the battle of Monterey under General Scott. He was afterward employed in operations against the Comanche Indians, and United States minister to Nicaragua and Costa Rica. He died in Richmond, Tex., Dec. 19, 1859. LAMARCK (la-mark'), JEAN BAP- TISTE PIERRE ANTOINE DE MONET, CHEVALIER; DE, a French naturalist; born in Bazantin, France, Aug. 1, 1744. A soldier in his youth, an accident compelled him to relinquish +he army. Like many other naturalists, his first study was botany. His first work, the "French Flora," met with great success. Other botanical works soon followed. In 1793 he was appointed to a chair of natural history at the Gar- den of Plants, and turned to the study of zoology. His great and excellent work, the "History of Invertebrate Ani- mals,'; entitles him to the first rank of zoologists. As a conchologist his name stands pre-eminent, and the Lamarckian arrangement of shells is still that of the present day. In his latter days he be- came blind. He died in Paris, Dec. 18, 1829. LAMARTINE (la-mar-ten'), AL- PHONSE MARIE LOUIS PRAT DE, a French poet and statesman; born in Macon, France, Oct. 21, 1790. Educated at the Jesuit School at Belley he spent some years in traveling, devoting himself chiefly to poetry. "Poetical Musings" (1820), gave him a high place among the poets of the day. In 1820 he married a rich English lady, Eliza Marianna Birch. "New Poetical Musings" (1823), and "Poetical Religious Harmonies" (1828) established his poetic fame, and he was elected member of the French Academy (1830). After the revolution of July he traveled in the East, and on his return published "Journey in the East" . (1835). During his absence he had been elected a member of the Cham- ber of Deputies, and thenceforward was active in politics. In 1847 he published his "History of the Girondins." After the February revolution of 1848 he be- came minister of foreign affairs in the ij)rovisional government. After the in- surrection of June, 1848, he lost his popularity, and in 1851 withdrew from public life. He was latterly much im- poverished, and was voted an annuity in 1867. Among his later works are: "History of the Restoration," "History of Turkey," "History of Russia," "Shakespeare and His Work," "Life of the Tasso," etc. His "Memoirs" ap- peared in 1871. He died in Paris, March 1, 1869. LAMB, CHARLES, an English au- thor; born in London, England, Feb. 10, 1775. He was educated at Christ's Hospital. He obtained an appointment in the South-Sea House, in 1789, which he quitted in 1792, for the East India Company, from which he retired in 1825, on a pension of $2,250 per annum. A confirmed bachelor, he resided for the great part of his life with an accom- plished sister. Their pleasant house at Islington was the first resort of a most brilliant literary coterie which included Coleridge, Lloyd, Southey, Wordsworth, Dyer, Barton, Leigh Hunt, Procter, and Hood, Godwin, Hazlitt, Talfourd, De Quincy and Manning the theologian. Of his works the most eminent is the "Es- says of Elia" (1823). This work was supplemented by the "Last Essays of Elia," in 1833. Lamb was also the au- thor of innumerable essays, poems, etc., contributed to the magazine literature of his day. He died in Edmonton, England, Dec. 27, 1834.
