LAWTON 434 LEAD founded in 1847 under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; re- ported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 48; students, 489; president, Samuel Plantz, Ph.D., D. D. LAWTON, a city of Oklahoma, the county-seat of Comanche co. It is on the St. Louis and San Francisco and the Chi- cago, Rock Island, and Pacific railroads. It is the center of an important farming and cotton raising district. The city contains Fort Sill, an army post, the Fort Sill Indian School, the Wichita Na- tional Forest and Game Preserve, and a park. Pop. (1910) 7,788; (1920) 8,930. LAWTON, HENRY WARE, an Amer- ican military officer; born in Manhattan, O., March 17, 1843; entered the army April 16, 1861; became a sergeant of Company E, 9th Indiana Infantry, April 18, 1861, and rose to be a lieutenant- colonel in 1865. In the same year he entered the regular army as a 2d lieu- tenant in the 41st Indiana Infantry; transferred to 4th U. S. Cavalry in 1871, promoted to captain 1879. In 1876-1879, took active part in expeditions against hostile Sioux and Utes. General Miles appointed him (1886) to lead a force into Mexico to capture Geronimo and his band. At the beginning of the Spanish- American war Lawton was made a major-general of volunteers, (1898). He commanded the 2nd Division of the 5th Army Corps before Santiago where he earned the title "Hero of El Caney." Transferred to the Philippines after the war he distinguished himself in opera- tions against insurgents. On Dec. 19, 1899, ■vdiile on the firing lines at San Mateo, he was killed by an insurgent sharpshooter. LAYARD, SIR AUSTIN HENRY, an English archaeologist; born in Paris, France, March 5, 1817. In 1839 and fol- loving years he traveled in the East, and in 1845 began his celebrated excavations on the site of ancient Nineveh, publish- ing the results in 1849-1853. _ In 1852 he entered Parliament in the Liberal in- terest; became under-secretary for for- eign affairs in 1860, commissioner of works in 1869, and ambassador to the Porte in 1877 under Lord Beaconsfield's government, when he accomplished the annexation of Cyprus. He is best known by his books ; "Nineveh and its Remains" (1849), and "Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon'^ (1853). He died in London, England, July 5, 1894. LAY READER, in the Anglican Church, is a layman who receives au- thority to read the lessons or a part of the service. The incumbent can permit any one to read the lessons, but for au- thority to read the morning or evening prayer a license from the bishop of the diocese is required. The absolution, of course, cannot be read by a lay reader, or any part of the communion service. Readers have existed as an order in the church from at least the 3d century; in the Greek Church they constitute the first, in the Latin Church the second of the minor orders that lead to the priest- hood. The appointment of readers in the Anglican Church received the sanction of the bishops in 1866; but they were not to be ordained. LAZAREFF, PORT, a fine natural harbor, 40 to 60 feet deep, and 8 square miles in extent, in Broughton Bay on the E. side of Korea. It is 390 miles from Vladivostok to the N. and 480 from Port Hamilton to the S., and is free from ice in winter. LAZARET, or LAZARETTO, a name given in Italy, and other parts of South- ern Europe, to certain public buildings for the reception of the poor, and such as are aflfiicted with contagious disorders. The name is derived from St. Lazarus, who is the patron saint of lepers; and during the Middle Ages, when leprosy was common in Italy and other parts, the hospitals in which the lepers were con- fined received that name, and the lepers themselves were called lazzari. LEA, HENRY CHARLES, an Amer- ican publisher and historian; born in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 19, 1825 j entered his father's publishing house in 1843; became the principal in 1865; and retired 1880. Between 1840 and 1860 he wrote many papers on chemistry and conchology. After 1857 he devoted his attention to European mediasval history, his chief works being: "Superstition and Force" (1866); "An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy" (1867); "His- tory of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages" (1888) ; "A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences" (1896) ; "The Moriscos of Spain" (1901); etc. He died in 1909. LEAD (Greek, molybdos; Latin, plum" hum, whence the chemical symbol Pb). This metal was well known to the an- cients. Several lead mines in Great Britain were worked by the Romans, with whom the leaden waterpipes were common. Lead is of a bluish- white color, and is one of the softest of metals. Its ductility and tenacity are low in the scale, but it may be converted into tolerably thin sheets, as well as drawn into wire. It fuses at .325°, and may with difficulty be obtained
