4^g THE DECLINE AND FALL Their re- bellion, CHAP, of the nation was gradually reduced into a state of ' servitude; compelled to perpetual labour on the estates of the Gallic nobles, and confined to the soil, either by the real weight of fetters, or by the no less cruel and forcible restraints of the laws. During the long series of troubles which agitated Gaul, from the reign of Gallienus to that of Diocletian, the condition of these servile peasants was peculiarly miserable ; and they experienced at once the complicated tyranny of their masters, of the barbarians, of the soldiers, and of the officers of the revenue *. Their patience was at last provoked into despair. On every side they rose in multitudes, armed with rustic weapons, and with irresistible fury. The plough- man became a foot soldier, the shepherd mounted on horseback, the deserted villages and open towns were abandoned to the flames, and the ravages of the pea- sants equalled those of the fiercest barbarians". They asserted the natural rights of men, but they asserted those rights with the most savage cruelty. The Gallic nobles, justly dreading their revenge, either took refuge in the fortified cities, or fled from the wild scene of anarchy. The peasants reigned without control ; and two of their most daring leaders had the folly and rashness to assume the imperial ornaments. Their power soon expired at the approach of the legions. The strength of union and discipline obtained an easy victory over a Hcentious and divided multitude y. A severe retaliation was inflicted on the peasants who were found in arms: the affrighted remnant re- turned to their respective habitations ; and their un- successful effort for freedom served only to confirm their slavery. So strong and uniform is the current of popular passions, that we might almost venture, from and chas- tisement.
- Their oppression and misery are acknowledged by Eumenius, (Panegyr.
vi. 8.) Gallias efferatas injuriis. " Panegyr. Vet. ii. 4 ; Aurelius Victor.
- ^lianus and Amandus. We have medals coined by them. Goltzius
inThes. R. A. p. 117. 121. y Levibus praeliis domuit. Eutrop. ix. 20.
