JOANNES. 93. Of NicAEA (2). [See No. 21.] 94. Of NicoMEDEiA. Joannes, presbyter of the church of Nicomedeia in Bithynia, in the time of Constantine the Great, wrote Maprvpiov rod dyiou BatriXews eiricTKSnov 'AjUatretay, Acta Marti/rii S. Basilei Episcopi Atnasiae, which is given in the Acta Sanctorum of the Bollandists, Aprilis, vol. iii.; the Latin version in the body of the work (p. 417), with a preliminary notice, by Henschen, and the Greek original in the Appendix (p. 50). An ex- tract from the Latin version, containing the history of the female saint Glaphyra, had been given pre- viously in the same work. {Januar. vol. i. p. 771.) The Latin version of the Acta Mai-tyrii S. Basilei had been already published by Aloysius Lippo- mani ( Vitue Sanctor. Fairum, vol. vii.) and by Surius. (Z>e Probatis Sanctorum Vitis, a. d. 26 Afrrilis.) Basileus was put to death about the close of the reign of Licinius, a. d. 322 or 323; and Joannes, who was then at Nicomedeia, professes to have conversed with him in prison. Cave thinks that the Acta have been interpolated apparently by Metaphrastes. {Acta Sanctorum, II. cc. ; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 185.) 95. Obedientiae Filius. [See No. 28.] 96. Pediasimus. [See No. 61.] 97. Of Philadelphia. [See No. 79.] 98. Philoponus. [Philoponus.] 99. Philosophorum Hypatus v. Magister. [See Nos. 61 and 78.] 100. Phocas (4>o/fas), a Cretan monk, son of Matthaeus, who became a monk in Patmos. Jo- annes had served in the army of the emperor Manuel Comnenus (who reigned a. d. 1143 — 1 180) in Asia Minor. He married, and had a son, by whom his work was transcribed ; and after- waids became a monk and priest, and visited (a. d. 1 185) Syria and Palestine, of which he wrote a short geographical account, entitled "EKcppacris (u (rvu6/ei Twv dw" 'Ai/TJoxetas i^-expts 'lepoaoKvuuv Kacrrpcav koI yoaprnv '2,vplas Ka ^oivIktis koi tQu Hard. HaXaicrrlu-qu dyiwv tottoji/, Compendiaria Descriptio Castrorum et Urbium (sic in Allat. vers.) ab Urbe Antiochia usque Hierosolymam ; necnon Si/riae ac Phoenidae, et in Palestina Sacrorum Locorum. The work was published by AUatius, with a Latin version, in his Xv^ifxiKra., vol. i. pp. 1 • — 46. The Latin version is also given in the Acta Sanctorum of the Bollandists, Maii, vol. ii. ad init. (Allatius, 'X^jxjj.LKTa, Praefatiuncula ; Fabric. Dibl. Gr. vol. iv. p. 662, vol. viii. p. 99.) 101. Phurnks {^ovpvris), a monk of the mo- nastery of Mount Ganus in the reign of the em- peror Alexis Comnenus. He was an opponent of the Latin church, and wrote an 'hivoXoyia, De- Jensio, or AiaAe^js, Disceptatio, a discussion with Peter, archbishop of Milan, in the presence of the emperor. If this is the work which Joannes Veccus cites and replies to in his De Unione Ecclesiarum Oratio (apud Allatium, Graecia Orthodoau, vol. i. p. 179, &c.), it appears that the form of a dialogue was merely assumed for convenience s;ike, and that it was not the record of a real conference. Accord- ing to Fabricius, Allatius published in his work De Consensu (sc. De, Ecclesiae Occideriialis et Orientalis Perpetua Consemione)., p. 1153, a work of Joannes, which is described as Epistola de liitibus immutatis in Sacra Communione. Other works of Joannes are extant in MS. (Allatius, Grace. Orthodox. Lc; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. pp. 6-18, 050.) 102. Plusiadenus. [Ji)sephus, No. 13.] JOANNES. 601 103. Protospatharius, a writer of uncertain date, wrote for the use of his son 'E^ijy7](ns <pv- (TiKrj Twu "fijxspoou 'Hcjo'Sou, a brief commentary on the Opera et Dies of Hesiod. We are not aware that it has been published. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. i. p. 576.] 104. Raithuensis, or Raithbnus, i. e. of Rai- thus or Raithu (toO 'Pat0ou), hegumenos or abbot of a monastery at Elim, or the Seventy Springs, on the western coast of the peninsula of Mount Sinai, lived in the sixth century, and was the friend of Joannes, surnamed Climacus. [Climacus.] It was at the desire of Raithuensis that Climacus wrote the work KAi/xa$, Scala Paradisi, from which he derives his name, and to which Raithuensis wrote a Commendatio and Scholia. The E.-nKrroKr) ToO dyiov 'Icoduvov tov riyovixivov rov 'PaWov, Litierae Joannis Raithuensis, addressed to Climacus, requesting him to undertake the work, and the answer of Climacus, are given by Raderus in the original Greek, with a Latin version, in his edition of the works of Climacus, fol. Paris, 1633. This version of the Litterae of Raithuensis, and a Latin version of his Commendatio and Scholia, are given in various editions of the Bibliotheca Putrum ; the Litterae in vol. iii. ed. Paris, 1575 ; the Litterae and Commendatio, yoX.y.eA. Paris, 1589 and 1654; the Litterae s. Epistola, Commendatio, and Scholia, in vol. vi. pt. ii. ed. Cologne, 1618 ; and vol. x. ed. Lyon, 1677. (Fabric. Bihl. 6V. vol. ix. pp. 523 — 524; Ittigius, De Bibliothecis Patrum.) 105. Rhetor ('PTJTwp), an historian of the earlier Byzantine period, frequently cited by Evagrius. {fLE.. 16, ii. 12, iii. 10,28,iv. 5.) As most, if not all, of the particulars for which Evagrius refers to him relate to Antioch, and some of them imply considerable local knowledge, it is probable that Joannes was a resident in that town, if not a native of it. His history, which is not extant, comprised the period from the beginning of the reign of Theodosius II. to the earthquake and fire by which Antioch was in a great degree destroyed, a. d. 526, with an account of which calamities John " mournfully " closed his history. He must have lived, therefore, about that time, or between that and the time of Evagrius, a. d. 593 or 594. [Evagrius, No. 3.] Joannes Rhetor is not to be confounded with Joannes of Epiphaneia [see No. 66}, as he has been by Vossius. (Evagrius, //. cc, with the notes of Valesius ; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 508.) 106. Of St. Saba. There is extant in the various European libraries a religious romance, or, as some have regarded it, a history, 'O Bios Bap- KadiJ. Ka 'iwaadcp, Barlaami et Joasaphi Vita, as yet unpublished, except in versions, especially in an ancient Latin version, De Barlaam et Josaphat Historia, to which, in the printed editions, the name of Georgius Tmpezuntius is often prefixed, but which is much more ancient than the time in which he lived [Georgius, No. 48], and is ascribed by some to Anastasius Bibliothecarius, a writer of the 8th century. The work professes to contain the account of the conversion of Joasaph or Josaphat, son of Abenner, an idolatrous and sensual Indian king, and a persecutor of the Christian monks of India, because they had induced some of his nobles to forsake a luxurious life, and become solitaries. Joasaph, a youth pursuing his studies, was converted by Barlaam, a Christian, with whom he met, and whose various instructions to him are given at wu- siderable length. Suspicion arising from their
