336 SALSAS. modem Orvieto, the name of which is evidently a corruption of Urbs Vetus, the form used by I'aulus Diaconus in the seventh century (P. Diac. iv. 33): there is, therefore, little doubt that the site was one of a more ancient Etruscan city ; and its proximity to Volsinii renders it probable enough that it may have been Salpiimm. But no reliance can be placed upon any such conclusion. (Xiebuhr, vol. ii. p. 493.) [E. H. B.] SALSAS or SALSA, a river of Caruiania, noticed by Pliny (vi. 25). Eeichard imagines that this is the same stream as that called by Marcian, Cathraps (p. 21, ed. Hudson), and by Ptolemy, Araps or Oathi-aps (vi. 8. § 4); and he identities it with the modern Shur ; but this seems very doubtful. [V.] SALSULAE, in Gallia. Mela (ii. .5) describes the Salsulae Pons as not sending forth fresh water, but water Salter than the sea. He places the Pons south of the lake Eubresus, and near the shore ■which he calls Leucate [Leucate]. Salsulae is in the Antonine Itin. on the road from Narbo to the Pyrenees. Salsulae is Salses or Salges, where there is a salt-spring. Near the Pons, says Jlela, is a plain very green with fine and slender reeds, under which is water. This is the place, he says, where fish are got by striking down with a prong or some- thing of the sort; and this is the origin of the fables told by the Greeks and some Romans about fishes being dug out of the ground. He alludes to Po- lybius (sxxiv. 10). [Ruscixo.] [G. L.] SALSUM FLUMEN, a tributary of the Baetis in Hispania Baetica, between Attegua and Attubis. (Hirtius, B. A. c. 7, 8.) Variously identified with the Giiadajoz and Salado. [T. H. D.] SALSUS. [St.vchir.] SALTIA'TES (2aATi^Tai, Strab. iii. p. 144), according to Strabo a people of Spain celebrated for their woollen manufacture. But we must probably read in this passage 2aAa/ctf;Toi. [T. H. D.] SALTICI, a town of the Celtiberi in Hispania Tar- raconcnsis. {^Itin. Ant. p. 447.) Yarioasly identified with Jorqiiera and S. Maria del Campo. [T. H. D.] SALTIGA (2aATi7a, Ptol. ii. 6. § 61), a town of the Bastitani in Hispania Tarraconensis. [T. H. D.] SALTOPYKGUS. [Teglicium.] SALURNIS (Salm-n), a town in Rhaetia, on the river Athesis, in the north of Tridentum, is men- tioned only by Paulus Diaconus. (^Hist. Liingob. iii. 9.) [L. S.] SALUTARIS PHRYGIA. [Phrygia, p. 625.] SALVA (SaAoua), a town in the north-eastern extremity of Lower Pannonia, on the right bank of the Danube. (Ptol. ii. 16. § 4; Itin. Ant. pp. 266, 267.) According to the Notitia Imperii, where it is called Solva, it contained a garrison of a body of horsemen. The site of this place cannot be ascer- tained with certainty. [L. S.] SA'LYES (2dAu6s), SA'LYI, SALLU'VH, or SA'LLYES (Steph. Byz. s. v.), a Ligurian people in Gallia. There are other varieties in the writing of the word. The early Greeks gave the name of Ligyes to these Salyes; and their territory, which was in the possession of the Massalints, when Strabo wrote, was originally called Ligystice. (Strab. iv. p. 203.) The geographer means to say that the old Greeks were not acquainted with the name of Salyes, but only with the name of the nation to which they belonged. Livy (v. 34) speaks of the Phocacans who founded Massilia being attacked by t he Salyes, for in his time the name Salyes was fa- i miliar to the Romans. SALYES. Strabo speaks of the Salyes in his description of the Alps. He makes their country extend frcm Antipolis to JLassilia, and even a little further. They occupied the hilly country which lies inland and some parts of the coast, where they were mingled with the Greeks (iv. p. 203). Tiiey extended west as far as the Rhone. The Salyes had also the country north of Massilia as far as the Druentia (^Durance), a distance of 500 stadia; but on cross- ing the Druentia at Cabellio or Caballio (Cavnil- lon) a man would be in the country of the Cavares (Strab. iv. p. 185), who extended from the Druentia to the Isara (^here). [Cavarks] Strabo adds that the Salyes occupy both plains and the moun- tains above the plains. In this passage (Oi /uti/ oiiv 2aAues tv aLiTo?j) Groskurd (JTransl. Strab. vol. i. p. 318) has altered 2aAiies into Kaouapoi, and so he has spoiled the meaning. Ukert has defended the true reading, though he has not correctly explained iv outoIj. The Salyes occupied the wide plains east of Tarascon and Aries, one of the best parts of the country between the Durance and the Mediterranean; and so Strabo could cor- rectly say that the Volcae Tertosages who reacli to the Rhone had the Salyes extending along their border and opposite to them on the other side of the river, and the Cavares opposite to them (north of the Durance'). The Salyes are sometimes distinguished from the Ligures, as when Strabo (iv. p. 178) speaks of the coast which the Massaliots possess and the Salyes as far as the Ligyes to the parts towards Italy and the river Varus, the boundary of the Narbonitis (Provincia Narbonensis) and Italy. Livy also (xxi. 26) speaks of P. Conielius Scipio sailing along the coast of Etruria and of the Ligures, and then the coast of the Salyes till he came to Massilia. This shows that the Ligurians of Gallia, or the country west of the Var, became known to the Romans by the name of Salyes. Strabo's remark that the^e Salyes, whom the early Greeks named Ligures, were called Celtoligyes by the later Greeks, may explain how Li^-y or his Epitomiser has called the Salyes both Ligurians (" Transalpinos Ligures," Epit. 47) and Galli {Epit. 60). They were a mixed race of Galli and Ligures. The Salyes were a warlike people. They had both infantry and cavalry, distributed into ten tribes or divisions. They were the first of the Transalpine nations which the Romans subdued. (Florus, iii. 2.) The Romans fought for a long time with the Ligurians east of the Var, and with the Salyes west of it, for these people being in pos- session of tlie sea-coast closed against the Romans the way into Spain. They plundered both by sea and land, and were so formidable that the road through their land was hardly safe for a large ariny. Alter eighty years of fighting the Romans with dif- ficulty succeeded in getting a road of 12 stadia in width allowed for the free passage of those who went on the public service. Livy (xxxi. 10) tells us that in the Second Punic War the Insubres, Cenomani, and Boil stirred up the Salyes and other Ligurians to join them ; and all together under Hamilcar attacked Placentia. There is no ground, as Ukert remarks, to alter the reading " Salyis," for we see no reason why the Salyes as well as other Ligurians or mixed Ligurians should not aid the enemies of Rome. Both the Ligurians and the Cisalpine GalU dreaded the arms and the encroachment of the Romans. The alliance with
