422 BOSPORUS CIMMERIUS. opena into the Enxine. (Jbtim. G^og. Soc. vol. i p. 106.) Panticapaeam or Bosporns, the metropolis, a Mi- lesian coloDj, was situated on the W. edge of the strait, where the breadth of the cliannel was about 8 miles. (Strab. p. 309.) [Pantioapakum.] From Panticapaeum the territory extended, on a low level line of coast well Icnown to the Athenian mer- chants, for a distance of 530 stadia (Strab. l c), or 700 stadia (Arrian, PeripL Mar, Eux.) to Theo- dosia, also a Milesian colony. [Thbodosia.] The difference of distance may be accounted for by the lower estimate being probably inland distance; the other, the winding circuit of the coast Between these two ports lay the following towns from N. to S.: DiA (Plin. iv. 24; Steph. B. places it on the Phasis 8.V. TyreeUUaf of Ptolemy, iii. 6); Nym- PHAEUM (Nv^t^tby. Ptol. /. c; Strab. p. 309 ; Plin. I, c. ; Anon. Peripl. Mar. Eux.)y of which there are ruins (Jones, TraveUj toI. ii. p. 214) ; AcraCAk/kk, Strab. xi. p. 494; Anon. Peripl. Plin. L e. ; Hiero- des); Cttaea or Cytab (Kvraia, Steph.; K^ou, Anon. Peripl. ; Plin. I. c.) ; Cazeca (Kd^cira, Arrian, PeripL), 280 stadia from Theodosia. To the N. of Panticapaeum lay, at a distance of 20 stadia (Strab. p. 310), Myrmecium (Mvp/x^fcioy, Strab. 2Lc., p. 494 ; MeL ii. 1. § 3 ; Plin. /. c), and, at double that distance, Parthenium (Uapeiytoy, Strab. L c.}. Besides the territory already de- scribed, the kings of the Bosporus had possessions on the Asiatic side of the strait. Their cities com- mencing with the N. are Cimmericum (KxjK/xcpi- K6yy Strab. p. 494), formerly called Cbrberion (Plin. vi. 6 : Temruk f ) ; Patraeus (Tlarpat^s, Strab. /. c.) ; Cepi Milbsiorum (Krpros, K^iroi, Strab. I. e.; Anon. PeripL '^ Pomp. Mel. i. 19. § 5: Sienna)y where was the monument of the Queen Gomosanja; and Phanagoria (^TmiUaraJum or Taman). [Phakaoobia.] The political limits of the Cimmerian Bosporus varied considerably. In its pahniest days the terri- tory extended as far N. as the Tanais (Strab. p. 495), while to the W. it was bounded on the inland side by the mountains of Theodosia. This fertile but narrow region was the granary of Giveoe, espe- cially of Athens, which drew annually from it a supply of 400,000 medinmi of com. Panticapaeum was the capital of a Greek kingdom which existed for several centuries. The succession of its kings, extending for several centuries before and after the birth of Christ, would be very obscure were it not for certain passages in Strabo, Diodoms Siculus, Lucian, Polyaenus, and Constantino Pcn*- phyrogeneta, with the coins and inscriptions found on the coasts of the Black Sea. It is only necessary in this place to enumerate the series of the kings of the Bosporus, as full in- formation is under most of the heads given in the Dictionary of Biography. The list has been drawn up mainly from tlie article in Ertch and Gruber's EncyclopSdie, compared with Eckhel, vol. iiL p. 306, and Clinton, Fasti HeU. vol. ii. App. 13 ; see also Mem. de VAcad. dee Inecr. vol. vi. p. 549; Baottl Bochette, Antijuitds Grecquee du Bosphore Cimmerien. First Dynasty. Archaeanactidae Spartacus (on coins Spartocus) SeleucuB B.C. 602—480. 480—438. 431—427. BOSPORUS THBACIUS.
- * * An Iwtervai of 20 Years.
B.C. Satyms . - - 407—393. Leucon ... 393 — 353. Spartacus 11.^ ... 353 — 348. Parysades - - • 348 — 310. Satyrus IL - - - 310. Prytanis - - - 310—309. Eumelus ... 309 — 304. Spartacus III. ... 304 — 284. Here the copies of Diodoms desert us. The following names have been made out from Lucian and Polyae- nus in the interval between Spartacus IIL and Mithridates, to whom the last Parysades surren- dered his kingdom. Leucanor, treacherously murdered. (Lucian, Toxar. 50.) Eubiotus, bastard brother of Leucanor. (Lucian^ Toxar. 51.) Satjmis III. (Polyaenus, viiL 55.) Gorgippus. (Polyaenus, I. c) S^rtacus IV. Parysades II., who gave up the crown to Mithri- dates. Mithridates VI., king of Pontus. Machares, regent (^ the Bosporus under his father for 14 years. B.C. - 63 — 48. - 48—14. - 14—13. - 13—12. Phamaces IL - Asander ... Scribonius, usurper Polemon I. . . Pythodoris - - - — — idiescuporis I., and his brother Cotys. Sauromates I., his wife GcpaepiriS| contem. with Tiberius. A.D. Polemon IL - - - 38^-42. Mithridates IL - . . 42 — 49. Cotys .... 49—83. Rhescuporis, contem. with Domitlan. Sauromates IL, contem. with Trajan. Cotys IL, died a. d. 132. Rhaemetiilces ... 132 — 164. Eupator - . - 164 Sauromates III. Rhescuporis III. Cotys III., contem. with Caracalla and Severus. A.D. - 235—239. - 235—269. - 276. Ininthemems - Rhescuporis IV. Sauromates IV. (V.) - Teiranes reigned 2 or 3 years. Thothorses reigned 25 years, ootem. with Dio- cletian. Sauromates V. (VI.) - - 302--305. [Rhadameadis or Rhadampsis] -311 — 319. Sauromates VI. (VII.) - - 306 — 320. Rhescuporis V. - - - 320 — 344. Sauromates VU. (VIIL) [E. B. J.] BO'SPORUS THRA'CIUS (B<J(nro/>of ep^ior: J?t&. Boow4$pios, Bo<nrop(a, Boowopioj'ijs, Bo<nropi7- v6%^ Steph. B. : Adj. Bosp(ntmus, Bosporeus, Bospori- cus, Bosporius), the strait which unites the watera of the Euxine and the Propontis. I. Th» Name. — According to legend, it was here that the cow lo made her passage from one continent to the other, and hence the name, celebrated alike in I the fables and the history of antiquity. (ApoUod*
