brothers, William Gilbert and George Frederick, he long had a share in most of their triumphs in the matches between the Gentlemen and Players; from 1867 to 1874 the amateurs lost only a single match. The three Graces played for England against the Australians (6–8 Sept. 1880), an incident unparalleled in international cricket history. In August of the same year, at Clifton, Grace scored 65 and 43 (of 191 and 97 respectively) for Gloucestershire v. the Australians. The brilliant play of the Graces raised Gloucestershire to a first-class county in 1869, and champion county in 1876 and 1877. Grace was secretary of the Gloucestershire club from 1871 until 1909.
Quick of eye and limb, Grace was a rapid scorer and forcible hitter. Of unorthodox style, he was one of the first to employ the 'pull' stroke, hitting well-pitched off-balls to the on-boundary with consummate ease. His nerve, judgment, and speed made him 'the best point' ever known, taking the ball almost off the bat (Daft, Kings of Cricket, p. 107). Grace ceased to play in county cricket in 1896, but played almost until his death for the Thornbury team, which he managed and captained for 35 years. In 1910, at the age of seventy, he played for them in some forty matches, meeting with much success as a lob bowler. During his cricketing career he scored over 76,000 runs and took over 12,000 wickets; he had an inexhaustible supply of cricketing recollections, which he would relate with much vivacity. He was a bold rider to hounds.
[W. G. Grace's Cricketing Reminiscences, 1899; Daft, Kings of Cricket, pp. 106–7 (with portrait, p. 13); K. S. Ranjitsinhji's Jubilee Book of Cricket, 1897, pp. 378–80; Haygarth's Scores and Biographies, vii. 114–5; Wisden's Cricketers' Almanack, 1911, p. 201 (for Thornbury performances) ; 1912 (for memoir); Lancet, 27 May 1911.]
GRAHAM, HENRY GREY (1842–1906), writer on Scottish history, born in the manse of North Berwick, on 3 Oct. 1842, was youngest of eleven children of Robert Balfour Graham, D.D., minister of the established church of North Berwick, by his wife Christina, daughter of Archibald Lawrie, D.D., minister of Loudon. At an early ago he showed a great love of reading and spent most of his pocket-money on books. On the death of his father in 1855, his mother took him and her youngest daughter to Edinburgh, where, two years afterwards, he entered the university. Although showing no absorbing interent in the work of the classes and acquiring no university distinctions, he was a prominent and clever speaker in the debating societies. After being licenced as a probationer of the Church of Scotland in 1865, he was assistant at Bonhill, Dumbartonshire, until he was appointed in March 1868 to the charge of Nenthom, Berwickshire. Here he made the acquaintance of Alexander Russel [q. v.], editor of the 'Scotsman,' who was accustomed to come to Nenthorn in summer; and he became a frequent contributor to the 'Scotsman' of reviews and leading articles. Of non-theological tendencies and widely tolerant in his opinions, he was, after the death of Dr. Robert Leo [q. v.], of Old Greyfriars church, Edinburgh, asked to become a candidate for the vacancy, but declined. In 1884 he was translated to Hyndland parish church, Glasgow, where he remained till his death on 7 May 1906. In 1878 he married Alice, daughter of Thomas Carlyle of Shawhill, advocate, and left a son, who died in Egypt, and a daughter.
Graham's principal work is 'Social Life of Scotland in the Eighteenth Century' (1899, 2 vols.; 3rd edit. 1906), graphically descriptive as well as learned. His 'Scottish Men of Letters of the Eighteenth Century' (1901; 2nd edit. 1908) is also very readable. For Blackwood's series of 'Foreign Classics' he wrote a monograph on 'Rousseau' (1882); and his 'Literary and Historical Essays' (published posthumously in 1908) include 'Society in France before the Revolution' (lectures at the Royal Institution, Feb. 1901) and a paper on 'Russel of the "Scotsman."'
[Scotsman, and Glasgow Herald, 8 May 1906; Graham's Essays, 1908, pref.]
GRAHAM, THOMAS ALEXANDER FERGUSON (1840–1906), artist, born at Kirkwall on 27 Oct. 1840, was only son of Alexander Spears Graham, writer to the signet and crown chamberlain of Orkney (like his father before him), by his wife Eliza Stirling. About 1850, some time after their father's death, Thomas and an only sister went to Edinburgh to live with their grandmother.
The boy's artistic instincts asserted themselves early. When little more than fourteen he was on the recommendation of the painter James Drummond [q. v.] enrolled (9 Jan. 1855) a student of the Trustees Academy. He proved an apt pupil in the talented group of McTaggart, Orchardson, Pettie, Chalmers, and the
