and without warning terminated by the Chinese government in May 1906. The customs service was then subordinated to a board of Chinese officials under the title of Shui-Wu Ch'u. A remonstrance from the British government was disregarded. As a consequence Hart tendered his resignation in July 1906. It was never defmitely accepted, but in Jan. 1908 he received formal leave of absence, and was accorded the title of president of the board of customs. He returned to England for good. During his long sojourn in China the government had been profuse in acknowledgment of his services, and his Chinese honours excelled in number and distinction those bestowed on any other European. They included, brevet title of An Ch'a Ssu (civil rank of the third class), 1864; brevet title of Pu Cheng Ssu (civil rank of the second class), 1869; Red Button of the first class, 1881; Double Dragon, second division, first class, 1885; the Peacock's Feather, 1885; ancestral rank of the first class of the first order for three generations, with letters patent, 1889; brevet title of junior guardian of the heir apparent, 1901.
European governments, to whom he rendered a long succession of services, were also liberal in recognition. In 1870 he was made chevalier of the Swedish order of Vasa, and other high distinctions came from the governments of France, Belgium, Austria, Italy, Portugal, Holland, and Prussia, and from Pope Pius IX. The British government made him C.M.G. in 1879, K.C.M.G. in 1882, G.C.M.G. in 1889, and a baronet in 1893.
A north of Ireland man of retiring disposition, Hart, while he thoroughly assimilated Chinese influences, combined business capacity and courage with untiring patience and tolerance, habits of deliberation, and an Eastern equanimity under good or bad fortune. He had a fine memory and a stock of varied learning in oriental and other subjects. He was Förderer of the Museum für Völkerkunde, Leipzig, 1878; hon. member of the Royal Asiatic Society, Shanghai, 1879; of the Oriental Museum, Vienna, 1880; and of the Institut de Droit International, 1892. He was made an hon. fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1890. On his retirement from China he lived for the most part at Fingest Grove, near Great Marlow, where he died on 20 Sept. 1911. He was buried at Bisham on the Thames. On 23 Sept. 1911 an imperial edict was issued at Peking which, after reciting his services and enumerating the various Chinese honours already accorded him, added to these as a posthumous distinction the brevet rank of senior guardian of the heir apparent.
On 22 Aug. 1866 Hart married at Ravannet in co. Antrim, where his parents were living, Hester Jane, eldest daughter of Alexander Bredon, M.D., of Portadown. She survived him with one son, Edgar Bruce, his successor in the baronetcy, born in 1873, and two daughters. A caricature appeared in 'Vanity Fair' in 1894.
[Sir Robert Hart—The Romance of a Great Career, told by his niece, Juliet Bredon, 1909 (with photogravure portrait as frontispiece); The Times, 10 Jan. 1899, 17 July 1900, 21 Sept. 1911 ; Foreign Office List; Who's Who, 1911.]
HARTINGTON, Marquis of. [See Cavendish, Spencer Compton, eighth Duke of Devonshire (1833–1908).]
HARTSHORNE, ALBERT (1839–1910), archaeologist, born at Cogenhoe, Northants, on 15 Nov. 1839, was the eldest survivor of the eight sons of Charles Henry Hartshorne [q. v.], rector of Holdenby, Northamptonshire, by his wife Frances Margaretta, youngest daughter of Thomas Kerrich [q. v.] of Denton, Norfolk. His education, which was begun at Westminster school (1854-7), was completed in France and at Heidelberg. Until 1865, when his father died, his home was Holdenby Rectory, and he soon developed the passion for archaeology which he inherited from his father and grandfather.
Between 1876 and 1883 and from 1886 to 1894 he was secretary of the Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, and from 1878 to 1892 editor of the 'Archæological Journal.' He was elected F.S.A. on 8 June 1882, member of council on 4 May 1886, and local secretary for Derbyshire on 2 Dec. 1886.
His splendid monograph on 'Old English Glasses,' published in 1897 (4to), called attention to a neglected subject. Hartshorne was an authority also on monumental effigies, and published in 1876 'The Recumbent Monumental Effigies in Northamptonshire,' a folio volume of 128 photographic reproductions of scale drawings with historical descriptions. Valuable also was his 'Portraiture in Recumbent Effigies, and Ancient Schools of Monumental Sculpture in England, illustrated by Examples in Northamptonshire' (1899). An excellent draughtsman, Hartshorne illustrated his works with minute fidelity. {{nop}
