ANARAWD (d. 915?), a Welsh prince of the ninth century, was the son of Rhodri Mawr, or Roderick the Great, King of Gwynedd, or North Wales, who, having succeeded to the sovereignty of South Wales in right of his wife, became the supreme sovereign of all Wales. Rhodri was killed in battle A.D. 877, fighting against the Saxon invaders of Anglesea, and in accordance with his directions his dominions were divided among his three sons, Anarawd, Cadell, and Mervyn, Anarawd succeeding to Gwynedd, with authority over his brothers, and bearing the title of ‘Brenin Cymru oll,’ or king of all Wales. Cadell and Mervyn obtained respectively South Wales and Powys; Powys being a district corresponding roughly with Montgomeryshire and Herefordshire. Rhodri's conflict with the Saxons was continued by Anarawd, who completely defeated them at Cymryd, near Conway, in the year 880. This battle was called ‘Dial Rhodri,’ or the avenging of Rhodri. Subsequently the Britons of Strathclyde, being hard pressed by the Saxons, were received into Wales by Anarawd, who granted them the land between the Dee and the Conway, on condition of their expelling the Saxons. In 894 according to the ‘Annales Cambriæ,’ or 893 according to the ‘Brut,’ Anarawd ‘cum Anglis’ devastated Cardigan, that is, the territory of his brother Cadell, for the purpose, probably, of enforcing payment of tribute due from the younger to the elder. The ‘Annales Cambriæ’ record Mervyn's death in the year 903, Cadell's in 909, and Anarawd's in 915. The ‘Brut’ assigns Anarawd's death to 913. Anarawd was succeeded as king of Gwynedd by his son Idwal Foel, or ‘the Bald;’ but the dignity of ‘Brenin Cymru oll’ devolved upon his nephew Hywel, son of Cadell, famous in Welsh history as the great lawgiver, Hywel Dda.
One of the Triads (Myv. Arch., Gee's ed., p. 405, No. 43) speaks of Anarawd and his brothers as ‘Tri theyrn taleithiog Ynys Prydain,’ or ‘Tri thywysog taleithiog,’ ‘the three diademed princes of the Isle of Britain.’
[Brut y Tywysogion and Annales Cambriæ, both published in the Rolls Series.]
ANCELL, SAMUEL (d. 1802), military writer, entered the army at an early age, and served with the 58th regiment when besieged in Gibraltar from 1779 to 1783. In 1784 he published at Liverpool ‘A Circumstantial Journal of the long and tedious Blockade and Siege of Gibraltar from the 12th of September 1779 (the day the garrison opened their batteries against the Spaniards) to the 23rd day of February 1783.’ The book, which is in the form of letters to a brother of the author, passed through five editions. Ancell apparently retired from active service soon after his return home, and opened a military commission agency at Dublin. In October 1801 he produced there the first part of a monthly military magazine, called the ‘Monthly Military Companion.’ The periodical was continued until Ancell's death on 19 Oct. 1802. To it he contributed not only articles on fortifications, military history, and tactics, but songs set to music of his own composition.
[Gent. Mag. lxxii. 1161; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
ANCRUM, Earl of. [See Kerr.]
ANDERDON, JOHN LAVICOUNT (1792–1874), the third son of John Proctor Anderdon, was born at Bristol 5 April 1792. After passing some time in the preparatory school of Dr. Nicholas at Ealing, he was removed to Harrow, but was taken from that establishment at a comparatively early age for office life in the business of Manning & Anderdon, in which firm he became a partner about 1816 on his marriage with Anna Maria, the second daughter of Wm. Manning, M.P. At the general election of 1818 he contested the borough of Penryn, in Cornwall, but was defeated, probably more to the regret of his friends than of himself. Mr. Anderdon was an enthusiastic fisherman, and a walking tour through Dovedale, the country of Charles Cotton, one of the earliest professors of the art of angling, suggested the compilation of a volume (printed at first in 1845 for private circulation, but subsequently in 1847 for sale) on ‘The River Dove: with some quiet Thoughts on the happy Practice of Angling.’ Written in the orthodox dialogue of fishing literature, it contained many anecdotes of Cotton and his country life, with hints on the best mode of following his favourite pursuit. A series of views of Cotton's seat and the river Dove were taken under Anderdon's instructions and issued with a preface by his brother-in-law, Mr. F. Manning, in 1866. His next work was a sympathetic life of Bishop Ken, which was published under the pseudonym of ‘A Layman’ in 1851, and reprinted in 1854. He followed up this memoir of the saintly Ken with a selection, entitled ‘Approach to the Holy Altar’ (1852), from Ken's two devotional works, and a reprint (1852) of his ‘Exposition of the Apostles' Creed.’ For many years he was engaged in preparing, with copious
