established in his government than he proceeded to reduce the province to order and obedience. The nobility and gentry were obliged to enrol the names of their followers and become sureties for their good and peaceable behaviour; assessments levied for the maintenance of the army and the increase of the revenue; Limerick Castle repaired and other garrisons fortified; the practice of coyne and livery suppressed; sheriffs appointed in Desmond and Thomond; assizes held at Cork, Waterford, Limerick, and Kilkenny, and four hundred natives hanged for malpractices within a year. His government was severe, but he found the natives on the whole well inclined to justice, though the anger of the nobles was hot against him for his interference between them and their peasantry, especially in the matter of coyne and livery. But troublous days were at hand, and Sidney, foreseeing what he was unable to resist, obtained the appointment of Drury as lord justice on 26 April 1578, and shortly afterwards took his departure into England. Hardly had he received the sword of state when the country was convulsed by the landing of James Fitzmaurice and Dr. Sanders in Kerry on 18 July 1579, and the subsequent rising of the Earl of Desmond. Stricken down though he was with ‘the disease of the country,’ and barely able to sit in his saddle, the lord justice determined ‘to stand stoutly to the helm,’ and Colonel Malby having inflicted a defeat on the rebels he proceeded about the end of September to take the field against them. But before he was able to accomplish his purpose he was obliged to return to Waterford, where he died about 13 Oct. 1579. His body was embalmed and taken to Dublin, where, after lying in state for some time, it was buried almost secretly in St. Patrick's Cathedral, the funeral obsequies being left to a more convenient season. Subsequently a monument bearing his effigy was erected in his honour, no vestige of which now remains. He was a man of sincere piety; faithful to his trust and loyal to his queen; severe in his government, but endeavouring to be scrupulously just (Carew Cal. ii.; Hamilton, Irish Cal. ii.; Cox, Hibernia Anglicana, i.; Mason, History of St. Patrick's Cathedral).
[There is a fairly accurate but incomplete life in Cooper's Athenæ Cantabrigienses. The sources of information mentioned in it have, however, been for the most part superseded by the publication of the Calendars of State Papers as noticed above.]
DRURY, WILLIAM (d. 1589), civilian, third son of John Drury of Rougham, Suffolk, by Elizabeth, daughter of John Goldingham of Belstead in the same county, was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he took the degree of LL.B. in 1553. He was appointed regius professor of civil law in the university of Cambridge, with a salary of 40l. per annum, on 30 Jan. 1558–9, and took the degree of LL.D. in 1560 (Rymer, Fœdera (Sanderson), xv. 502). Admitted advocate at Doctors' Commons on 5 May 1561, he shortly afterwards became secretary to Archbishop Parker (Coote, Catalogue of Civilians, 45; Parker Correspondence (Parker Soc.), p. 363). In 1562 Parker appointed him his commissary for the faculties. He was also a member of the ecclesiastical commission as early as 1567, and on 28 June of that year was appointed visitor of the churches, city, and diocese of Norwich. Drury was one of the civilians consulted by Elizabeth in 1571 on the important points of international law raised by the intrigues of the Bishop of Ross on behalf of Mary Stuart. Briefly stated, the questions were (1) whether an ambassador plotting insurrection, or aiding and abetting treason against the sovereign to whom he was accredited, did not forfeit his privileges as an ambassador and become amenable to the ordinary law of the land; and (2) whether a deposed and refugee sovereign was capable by international law of having an ambassador in his land of asylum in such sense as to clothe the ambassador with the personal inviolability ordinarily belonging to his rank. The civilians answered the first question in a sense adverse to the ambassador, and their decision was held at the time conclusive, and acted on accordingly; but, though much discussed since, it has not been generally approved by publicists, or frequently followed in practice by statesmen. The second question they answered in the affirmative, adding, however, the proviso, ‘so long as he do not exceed the bounds of an ambassador.’ The case is generally regarded by publicists as the locus classicus on the subject (Burghley State Papers (Murdin), p. 18; Phillimore, International Law, 3rd ed. ii. 161, 205). On 28 Nov. 1574 Drury received from Archbishop Parker a grant of the advowson of Buxted, Sussex, to hold jointly with the archbishop's son John, and at some date not later than 21 April 1577 he was appointed master of the prerogative court of Canterbury. He was also appointed, on 12 Nov. 1577, locum tenens for Dr. Yale, Archbishop Grindal's vicar-general (Grindal, Remains, 446; Strype, Parker (fol.), i. 121, 248, 253, ii. 476; Strype, Whitgift (fol.), i. 80; Strype, Grindal (fol.), p. 231). At this time he seems to have incurred some suspicion of popish views (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1547–80, p. 576). He was sworn master
