fortnight. Twelve months later Haynes removed his family to Hartford. Much fighting took place with the Pequots, the most warlike of the New England Indians, before they were vanquished. In 1639 the colonists adopted a constitution (reprinted in B. Trumbull's ‘Hist. of Connecticut,’ 1818, i. 498–502), said to be ‘the first example in history of a written constitution’ (J. G. Palfrey, Hist. of New England, 1866, i. 232), and in April Haynes was chosen the first governor of Connecticut. One of his earliest acts was to urge the necessity of compiling a code of laws. As under the new constitution no person could be governor more than twice in two years, Edward Hopkins was chosen in 1640, Haynes being re-elected in 1641. The next year George Wyllys was appointed. In 1643 Haynes, once more in office, took an active part in the confederation of four New England colonies for protection. In 1646 he was in great danger during a tempest (letter of Winthrop, 16 Nov. ap. Hist. ii. 430), and escaped murder by an Indian (B. Trumbull, Hist. i. 158–9). While in Massachusetts he held strong opinions on the necessity of strict rule, and considered Winthrop to have ‘dealt too remissly in point of justice’ (Winthrop, i. 212), but became more liberal in his views. ‘That heavenly man, Mr. Hains,’ says Roger Williams, ‘though he pronounced the sentence of my long banishment against me at Cambridge, then Newtown,’ was very friendly at Hartford (letter to Major Mason, 22 June 1670, in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. i. 280).
Haynes died on 1 March 1654 at Hartford, Connecticut. He was twice married. By his first wife, Mary, daughter of Robert Thornton of Nottingham, he had Robert (d. 1657), Hezekiah, Roger, and Mary. The first son fought in England as a royalist, and the second as a parliamentarian. Hezekiah lived at Copford Hall till the father's death, and left the estate to his heirs. The second wife of Haynes was Mabel Harlakenden, by whom he had John, Joseph (1638–1679), a clergyman, Ruth, and Mabel.
‘He was not considered in any respect inferior to Governor Winthrop,’ says Trumbull (Hist. i. 216), and Bancroft describes him as ‘of a very large estate and larger affections; of a heavenly mind and a spotless life; of rare sagacity and accurate but unassuming judgment; by nature tolerant, ever a friend to freedom’ (Hist. of the United States, 1862, i. 364).
[Biography in J. B. Moore's Memoirs of American Governors, New York, 1846, i. 297–312; J. Winthrop's Hist. of New England, by J. Savage, Boston, 1853, 2 vols.; J. Savage's Genealog. Dictionary, 1860, ii. 389; F. M. Caulkins's Hist. of New London, Conn., New London, 1852; Hutchinson's Hist. of the Colony of Mass. Bay, 1765, vol. i.; W. Hubbard's Hist. of Indian Wars, by S. G. Drake, Roxbury, 1865, 2 vols.; J. Winsor's Hist. of America, 1886, iii. 330–1; Memorial Hist. of Boston, 1882, i. 121, 124, 300.]
HAYNES, JOHN (fl. 1730–1750), draughtsman and engraver, apparently a native of York, drew and engraved some views of York and Scarborough for T. Gent's ‘History of Kingston-on-Hull.’ He also drew many of the architectural plates for Drake's ‘Eboracum,’ published in 1736. In 1740 he published an etching from his own drawing of ‘The Dropping Well at Knaresborough as it appeared in the Great Frost, January 1739.’ A view of the Duke of Cumberland's ‘Mandarine Yacht’ at Windsor was engraved by Haynes in 1753, and a large plan of the city of York in 1748.
[Dodd's manuscript Hist. of English Engravers (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 33401); Upcott's English Topogr.; Gough's Brit. Topogr.]
HAYNES, JOSEPH (d. 1701), actor. [See Haines.]
HAYNES, JOSEPH (1760–1829), painter and etcher, born in 1760 at Shrewsbury, came to London early in life. He studied under John Hamilton Mortimer, A.R.A. [q. v.], and on the death of that artist in 1779 was for some time engaged in etching from his works. These etchings include ‘Paul preaching to the Britons’ and ‘Robbers and Banditti.’ Subsequently he etched for Samuel Ireland [q. v.] two subjects from pictures by Hogarth, ‘Debates on Palmistry’ and a portrait of ‘The Right Hon. James Caulfeild, Earl of Charlemount.’ At a later date he copied some of Sir Joshua Reynolds's pictures. He made a journey to Jamaica, which proved fruitless, and on his return went back to Shrewsbury. He eventually settled as a drawing-master at Chester, where he died on 14 Dec. 1829. He is also stated to have worked in mezzotint. His paintings are few, and are seldom met with, but his etchings and engravings, which have considerable merit, are numerous.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Nagler's Künstler-Lexikon; Nichols's Anecd. of Hogarth; E. G. Salisbury's Border Worthies; Bryan's Dict. of Painters, ed. Graves and Armstrong, 1866, i. 635.]
HAYNES, SAMUEL (d. 1752), historical writer, was the son of Hopton Haynes [q. v.] He was educated at King's College, Cambridge, and graduated B.A. in 1723. He proceeded M.A. in 1727 and D.D. in 1748.
