in Holland and Belgium, an account of which he wrote for the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ 1793–4; and next year, as travelling tutor to a son of Sir W. Farquhar, he visited the court of the Duke of Brunswick, and gave English lessons to his daughter, afterwards Queen Caroline, gaining the sincere regard of her mother, the Duchess. In 1796, after his return, Macaulay was presented by his brother-in-law, Thomas Babington, M.P. for Leicester, to the living of Rothley. In 1815 he made another tour on the continent (Gent. Mag. 1815–17), and four years later, on 24 Feb. 1819, died of apoplexy, leaving a widow (daughter of John Heyrick, the ‘venerable town clerk of Leicester’ from 1764 to 1791) and eight sons. He was for many years engaged upon a life of Melancthon, but never sent it to press, and had also meditated an editio expurgata of Pope. For Nichols's ‘History of Leicestershire’ he wrote ‘The History and Antiquities of Claybrooke, in the County of Leicester, including the Chapelries of Wibtoft, Little Wigston, and the Hamlets of Bittesby and Ullesthorpe,’ and transcribed an original history of the family of Fielding in the library of Nuneham. He must be distinguished from Aulay Macaulay (1673–1758), father of Kenneth Macaulay [q. v.]
Macaulay also published, besides three separate sermons:
- ‘Essays on various Subjects of Taste and Criticism,’ 1780.
- ‘Two Discourses on Sovereign Power and Liberty of Conscience, translated from the Latin of Professor Noodt of Leyden, with Notes and Illustrations,’ 1781.
His second son, Colin Campbell Macaulay (1799–1853), was educated at Rugby, travelled in Portugal, and in 1831 became partner in a firm of solicitors at Leicester. He was president of the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society in 1847, and again in 1848, and made several valuable contributions to their transactions, including historical papers on Cardinal Wolsey (1849), the Duke of Marlborough (1850), and Queen Elizabeth (1851). He died on 20 Oct. 1853 at Knighton Lodge, Leicester, and was buried at Rothley. By his wife Mary Kendall, eldest daughter of Richard Warner Wood, he left a son and a daughter.
[Gent. Mag. 1819, pt. i. pp. 276–7; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ix. 82–6, and Lit. Illustr. iii. 752; Trevelyan's Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay, i. 8, ii. 435.]
MACAULAY, Mrs. CATHARINE, after her second marriage known as Catharine Macaulay Graham (1731–1791), historian and controversialist, was second daughter of John Sawbridge of Olantigh, Wye, Kent, who died in April 1762, by his wife, Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of George Wanley, banker in London, who died in 1732–3. She was born on 2 April, and baptised at Wye on 18 April 1731. By her father's wish she was privately educated, and read much Roman history, imbibing an intense enthusiasm for ‘liberty.’ In June 1760 she married George Macaulay, M.D., a physician from Scotland, who had graduated at Padua in 1739, and settled in London in 1752. He was physician and treasurer to the Brownlow Street Lying-in Hospital, and died on 16 Sept. 1766, aged 50, leaving one daughter. The first volume of Mrs. Macaulay's ‘History of England,’ from the accession of the Stuarts, appeared in 1763, and after her husband's death she laboured at its composition with great energy. Its publication exposed her to bitter attacks from critics who did not shrink from depreciating her personal appearance, though she was tall in stature, with a good figure. She was fond of gaiety, and in 1774 took a house for herself in St. James's Parade, Bath, where she made the acquaintance of Dr. Thomas Wilson, the non-resident rector of St. Stephen's, Walbrook, London, and was asked by him to dwell at his residence, Alfred House, No. 2 Alfred Street, Bath, which with his library and furniture he placed at her full disposal. Here she attracted many admirers, among the public proofs of whose adulation were ‘six odes,’ presented to her on her birthday, 2 April 1777, and published in the same year. She is said to have visited Paris in 1775, and to have been received with great honour. On her visit to that city in 1777 she met Franklin, Turgot, Marmontel, and Madame Dubocage, and her works inspired Madame Roland with the ambition of being ‘la Macaulay de son pays.’ Dr. Johnson quizzed her, and the incident at the dinner-table, when he pretended to have been converted to her principles and requested that the footman might sit down and dine with them, is well known. About 1775 she became very fond of dress, when Johnson said it was better that she should ‘redden her own cheeks’ than ‘blacken other people's characters.’ Wilkes, who was no less furious in his hate, described her on her second return from Paris as ‘painted up to the eyes’ and looking ‘as rotten as an old Catharine pear.’ To the amazement of her friends she married, it is said at Leicester, on 17 Dec. 1778, William Graham, a younger brother of James Graham [q. v.] the quack doctor. Her second husband's age was only twenty-one, and he is described as being a
