9 July 1681. Eight Latin letters written by him in this capacity were printed under the title 'Literae Academiae Cantabrigiensis ab Henrico Paman cum esset orator publicus scriptae' (Ward, Gresham Professors, appendix, p. xvi). They are addressed to the astronomer, John Hevel, on 12 May 1674; to James, duke of Monmouth, on 12 June 1674, and twice without date; to Charles II on 11 Sept. 1674; to Chief-justice Sir Francis North; to William, duke of Newcastle, on 7 Aug. 1676; to Sancroft, archbishop of Canterbury, on 8 Jan. 1677. In 1677 Paman went to reside in Lambeth Palace with Archbishop Sancroft. On 21 June 1679 he was appointed professor of physic at Gresham College, and on 1 Dec. 1679 he was elected F.R.S. In 1683 he was admitted a candidate at the College of Physicians, and elected a fellow on 12 April 1687. He graduated LL.D. at Cambridge in 1684, and was thereupon appointed master of the faculties by Sancroft. He resigned his professorship on 21 June 1689. When Sancroft declined the oaths to William III and left Lambeth, Paman also declined, and gave up his mastership of the faculties. He went to live in the parish of St. Paul, Covent Garden, where he died in June 1695; he was buried in the parish church. He was rich, and, after providing for his relations, left considerable sums of money and books to St. John's College, to Emmanuel College, to the College of Physicians, and to his native parish. Though he published nothing himself, he is known to every reader of medicine, because a Latin letter by him to Dr. Thomas Sydenham [q. v.] is published in Sydenham's works as a preface to the treatise 'De Luis Veneriae historià et curatione.' It praises Sydenham's method, and urges him to write on this subiect. Sydenham (ed. Pechey, 1729, p. 244) says that Paman had long been his friend, and adds, 'I always valued your friendship as a most precious thing.'
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 446; Ward's Lives of the Professors of Gresham College, 1740; manuscripts in Sloane collection in Brit. Mus. 3309 vol. iv., and 4162 vol. iii.]
PANDULF (d. 1226), papal legate and bishop of Norwich, is usually identified with Pandulfus Masca, a member of a noble Pisan house of that name, who was made cardinal-priest of the Twelve Apostles by Lucius III in December 1182, discharged some important papal legations, and wrote the lives of some of the popes (Muratori, Rer. Ital. Scriptores, vol. iii. pt. i. p. 276; cf. however, Mas Latrie, Trésor de Chronologie, c. 1188, who refers to Cardella, Memorie Storiche de' Cardinali, i.) Ciaconius, in his life of Pandulf Masca, has also told us that he was made subdeacon by Calixtus II (1119–1124), so that, if the received identification is accepted, our Pandulf must have died more than a hundred years after receiving the subdiaconate. Moreover, Ciaconius so early as 1677 clearly pointed out the error of identifying Pandulf the English legate with Pandulf Masca. Nevertheless the identification is still often made, and even in so accurate a work as Dr. Stubbs's ‘Registrum Sacrum Anglicanum’ (p. 38) the bishop of Norwich is called ‘Pandulf Masca.’ But it is quite clear that the later Pandulf was never a cardinal at all (he is only called cardinal in John of Ypres' Chron. de St. Bertin in Bouquet, xviii. 604), and when he first crosses English history is regularly described as the pope's subdeacon simply (see the life of Pandulfus Masca in Ciaconius, Hist. Pontificum Rom. et S. R. E. Cardinalium, i. 1114–15, Rome, 1677; cf. also Muratori, Rer. Ital. Scriptores, vol. iii. pt. i. pp. 276–8, which corrects and adds to the biography of Ciaconius).
Pandulf was a Roman by birth (Ann. Worcester, p. 404), and became a clerk of the papal court under Innocent III. When the quarrel between Innocent III and King John with regard to the disputed succession to the archbishopric of Canterbury had already lasted more than four years, John began to realise the necessity of ending the struggle, and besought the pope to send envoys to treat with him about peace (Ann. Burton, pp. 209–10). Innocent accepted the English king's advances, and selected Pandulf for the mission, along with a knight of St. John named brother Durandus. Pandulf is variously described as ‘magister’ (Ann. Osney, p. 55), ‘domini papæ subdiaconus’ (Matt. Paris, ii. 531; Wykes, p. 56), and ‘quidam de capellanis domini papæ’ (Ann. Margam, p. 36). The pope calls both envoys ‘familiares nostros,’ and in Magna Charta and other official documents Pandulf is called ‘domini papæ subdiaconus et familiaris’ (cf. John's submission, Fœdera, i. 115; Ann. Burton, p. 218). The nuncios reached England at the end of July 1211 (‘post festum S. Jacobi;’ Ann. Waverley, p. 266). As they travelled through England they were received with extraordinary demonstrations of popular rejoicing (Ann. Osney, p. 55; Wykes, p. 56). John came back from his Welsh expedition to meet them in August at Northampton. A great council of nobles also assembled at the same place. The Burton ‘Annals’ (pp. 209–217) preserve a long and almost suspiciously minute and circumstantial account of the negotiations that ensued. The nuncios de-
