three daughters. Of the latter, Charlotte (d. 1859) married her first cousin Amschel or Anselm, son of Baron Amschel of Frankfort; Hannah (d. 1864) married the Right Hon. Henry Fitzroy (1807–1859) [q. v.]; Louise (d. 1894) married her cousin, Baron Meyer Charles of Frankfurt, well known as an art collector (d. 1886). Lionel Nathan, the eldest son, is separately noticed. Nathaniel (1812–1870), the third son, married his cousin Charlotte, daughter of James Rothschild of Paris.
Sir Anthony de Rothschild (1810–1876), the second son, born at New Court in May 1810, steadily applied himself to business under the guidance of his abler brother Lionel. He was created a baronet on 12 Jan. 1847, on the recommendation of Sir Robert Peel, with remainder to the sons of his brother Lionel, and was appointed Austrian consul-general in 1858. But he soon acquired the tastes of a country gentleman, and in 1851 purchased the estate of Aston Clinton, Buckinghamshire. He rebuilt the mansion-house, and entertained many distinguished visitors there; Matthew Arnold was among his wife's intimate friends. He was highly popular with his tenants, and kept his labourers at work all through the winter. He was high sheriff of Buckinghamshire in 1861. At the same time he took an active part in the affairs of the Jewish community in London. From 1855 to 1875 he was presiding warden of the great synagogue, and in 1870 became the first president of the newly instituted united synagogue in London. He also took a zealous interest in the Jews' free school at Spitalfields, of whose committee he acted as president. His benefactions were not, however, bestowed solely on his co-religionists. He died at Weston Grove, Woolston, near Southampton, where he was residing temporarily for the benefit of his health, on 3 Jan. 1876, when the baronetcy passed, according to the patent, to his nephew, the first Lord Rothschild. Sir Anthony was buried in the Jewish cemetery at Willesden. By his wife Louisa, daughter of Abraham Montefiore, esq. (a younger brother of Sir Moses), whom he married in March 1840, he left two daughters: Constance, wife of Cyril Flower, first lord Battersea (d. 1908), and Anne, wife of the Hon. Eliot Constantine Yorke (d. 1878).
Meyer Amschel de Rothschild (1818–1874), fourth son, known as Baron Meyer, was born at New Court on 29 June 1818. He took little part in the affairs of the firm, but became widely known as a sportsman and collector of art treasures. In 1851 he acquired land in Buckinghamshire (formerly part of the Duke of Buckingham's estate), and commenced building his mansion of Mentmore, which was soon celebrated alike for its hospitality and works of art. In the neighbouring hamlet of Crafton he set up his stud-farm, where he bred many famous horses. Baron Meyer was a popular member of the Jockey Club. He thrice won the One Thousand Guineas—in 1853 with Mentmore Lass, in 1864 with Tomato, and in 1871 with Hannah. He won the Goodwood Cup twice—in 1869 with Restitution, and in 1872 with Favonius (Black, Jockey Club, p. 269). In 1871 he won the Derby with Favonius, the One Thousand, the Oaks, and the St. Leger (all with Hannah), and the Cesarewitch with Corisande; the year was called ‘the baron's year.’ He represented Hythe as a liberal from 1859 to 1874. He died on 6 Feb. 1874, and was buried in the Jewish cemetery at Willesden. He married, on 26 June 1850, his first cousin Juliana, eldest daughter of Isaac Cohen, esq.; she died on board her yacht (Czarina) at Nice on 9 March 1877, leaving an only child Hannah, who married, on 20 March 1878, Archibald Philip Primrose, fifth earl of Rosebery; the Countess of Rosebery died at Dalmeny Park on 19 Nov. 1890, and was buried in the Jewish cemetery at Willesden.
[No authentic record of Nathan Meyer Rothschild or of his family exists. The published accounts abound in inaccuracies. Reeves's ‘The Rothschilds,’ 1887, which is ill-informed and uncritical, is mainly founded on an obituary notice in Gent. Mag. 1836, ii. 323, and Picciotto's Anglo-Jewish Sketches; it gives portraits. Other traditional details of the family's early history appear in Das Haus Rothschild, seine Geschichte und seine Geschäfte, Prague and Leipzig, 1857; in Franz Otto's Das Buch berühmter Kaufleute (Leipzig and Berlin, 1868), pp. 538–90, with portraits and views of the Frankfurt house; in Ehrentheil's Familien-Buch, 1880; in Harper's Magazine, 1873, xlviii. 209–22; in Nouvelle Biographie Générale; in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie; in the Jewish World, 5 April 1878; and in F. E. von Scherb's Geschichte des Hauses Rothschild, 1893. See also A. von Treskow's Biographische Notizen über N. M. Rothschild, nebst seinem Testament, Quedlenburg and Leipzig, 1837; Francis's Chronicles and Characters of the Stock Exchange, 1849, pp. 296–311; Illustrated London News, 14 and 21 Feb. 1874, and 22 Jan. 1876 (with portraits); Diaries of Sir Moses and Lady Montefiore, ed. Loewe, 1890, vol. i.]
ROTHWELL, EDWARD (d. 1731), dissenting minister, was born in the parish of Bury, Lancashire. On 30 Aug. 1689 he entered the academy of Richard Frankland [q. v.] at Rathmell, Yorkshire. Here he was
