Page:EB1911 - Volume 16.djvu/324

From Wikisource
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This page has been proofread, but needs to be validated.
304
LAWRENCE, ST—LAWRENCE, A.


Year. Gentlemen’s Doubles.
1882 J. Dwight and   R. D. Sears
1883 J. Dwight   ” R. D. Sears
1884 J. Dwight   ” R. D. Sears
1885 J. S. Clark   ” R. D. Sears
1886 J. Dwight   ” R. D. Sears
1887 J. Dwight   ” R. D. Sears
1888 V. G. Hall   ” O. S. Campbell
1889 H. W. Slocum   ” H. A. Taylor
1890 V. G. Hall   ” C. Hobart
1891 O. S. Campbell   ” R. P. Huntingdon
1892 O. S. Campbell   ” R. P. Huntingdon
1893 C. Hobart   ” F. H. Hovey
1894 C. Hobart   ” F. H. Hovey
1895 R. D. Wrenn   ” M. G. Chase
1896 C. B. Neel   ” S. R. Neel
1897 L. E. Ware   ” G. P. Sheldon
1898 L. E. Ware   ” G. P. Sheldon
1899 D. F. Davis   ” H. Ward
1900 D. F. Davis   ” H. Ward
1901 D. F. Davis   ” H. Ward
1902 R. F. Doherty   ” H. L. Doherty
1903 R. F. Doherty   ” H. L. Doherty
1904 H. Ward   ” B. C. Wright
1905 H. Ward   ” B. C. Wright
1906 H. Ward   ” B. C. Wright
1907 F. B. Alexander   ” H. H. Hackett
1908 F. B. Alexander   ” H. H. Hackett
1909 F. B. Alexander   ” H. H. Hackett
1910 F. B. Alexander   ” H. H. Hackett


Year. Ladies' Singles.
1890 Miss E. C. Roosevelt
1891 Miss Mabel E. Cahill
1892 Miss Mabel E. Cahill
1893 Miss Aline M. Terry
1894 Miss Helen R. Helwig
1895 Miss J. P. Atkinson
1896 Miss Elizabeth H. Moore
1897 Miss J. P. Atkinson
1898 Miss J. P. Atkinson
1899 Miss Marion Jones
1900 Miss Myrtle McAteer
1901 Miss Elizabeth H. Moore
1902 Miss Marion Jones
1903 Miss Elizabeth H. Moore
1904 Miss May Sutton
1905 Miss Elizabeth H. Moore
1906 Miss Helen H. Homans
1907 Miss Evelyn Sears
1908 Mrs Barger Wallach
1909 Miss Hazel Hotchkiss
1910 Miss Hazel Hotchkiss


Year. Ladies' and Gentlemen’s Doubles.
1894 E. P. Fischer and   Miss J. P. Atkinson
1895 E. P. Fischer   ” Miss J. P. Atkinson
1896 E. P. Fischer   ” Miss J. P. Atkinson
1897 D. L. Magruder   ” Miss Laura Henson
1898 E. P. Fischer   ” Miss Carrie Neely
1899 A. L. Hoskins   ” Miss Edith Rastall
1900 Alfred Codman   ” Miss M. Hunnewell
1901 R. D. Little   ” Miss Marion Jones
1902 W. C. Grant   ” Miss E. H. Moore
1903 Harry Allen   ” Miss Chapman
1904 W. C. Grant   ” Miss E. H. Moore
1905 Clarence Hobart   ” Mrs Clarence Hobart
1906 E. B. Dewhurst   ” Miss Coffin
1907 W. F. Johnson   ” Miss Sayres
1908 N. W. Niles   ” Miss E. Rotch
1909 W. F. Johnson   ” Miss H. Hotchkiss
1910 J. R. Carpenter   ” Miss H. Hotchkiss

In 1900 an international challenge cup was presented by the American D. F. Davis, to be competed for in the country of the holders. In the summer of that year a British team, consisting of A. W. Gore, E. D. Black and H. R. Barrett, challenged for the cup but were defeated by the Americans, Whitman, Larned, Davis and Ward. In 1902 a more representative British team, the two Dohertys and Pim, were again defeated by the same representatives of the United States; but in the following year the Dohertys brought the Davis cup to England by beating Larned and the brothers Wrenn at Longwood. In 1904 the cup was played for at Wimbledon, when representatives of Belgium, Austria and France entered, but failed to defeat the Dohertys and F. L. Riseley, who represented Great Britain. In 1905 the entries included France, Austria, Australasia, Belgium and the United States; in 1906 the same countries, except Belgium, competed; but in both years the British players withstood the attack. In 1907, however, when the contest was confined to England, the United States and Australasia, the latter was successful in winning the cup, which was then for the first time taken to the colonies, where it was retained in the following year when the Australians N. E. Brookes and A. F. Wilding defeated the representatives of the United States, who had previously beaten the English challengers in America. In 1909 England was not represented in the competition, and the Australians again retained the cup, beating the Americans McLoughlin and Long both in singles and doubles.

See “The Badminton Library,” Tennis: Lawn-Tennis: Racquets: Fives, new and revised edition (1903 ; R. F. and H. L. Doherty, On Lawn-Tennis (1903); E. H. Miles, Lessons in Lawn-Tennis (1899); E. de Nanteuil, La Paume et le lawn-tennis (1898); J. Dwight, “Form in Lawn-Tennis,” in Scribner’s Magazine, vol. vi.; A. Wallis Myers, The Complete Lawn-Tennis Player (1908).  (R. J. M.) 

LAWRENCE (Laurentius, Lorenzo), ST, Christian martyr, whose name appears in the canon of the mass, and whose festival is on the 10th of August. The basilica reared over his tomb at Rome is still visited by pilgrims. His legend is very popular. Deacon of the pope (St) Sixtus (Xystus) II., he was called upon by the judge to bring forth the treasures of the church which had been committed to his keeping. He thereupon produced the church’s poor people. Seeing his bishop, Sixtus, being led to punishment, he cried: “Father! whither goest thou without thy son? Holy priest! whither goest thou without thy deacon?” Sixtus prophesied that Lawrence would follow him in three days. The prophecy was fulfilled, and Lawrence was sentenced to be burnt alive on a gridiron. In the midst of his torments he addressed the judge ironically with the words: Assum est, versa et manduca (“I am roasted enough on this side; turn me round, and eat”). All these details of the well-known legend are already related by St Ambrose (De Offic. i. 41, ii. 28). The punishment of the gridiron and the speech of the martyr are probably a reminiscence of the Phrygian martyrs, as related by Socrates (iii. 15) and Sozomen (v. 11). But the fact of the martyrdom is unquestionable. The date is usually put at the persecution of Valerian in 258.

The cult of St Lawrence has spread throughout Christendom, and there are numerous churches dedicated to him, especially in England, where 228 have been counted. The Escurial was built in honour of St Lawrence by Philip II. of Spain, in memory of the battle of St Quentin, which was won in 1557 on the day of the martyr’s festival. The meteorites which appear annually on or about the 10th of August are popularly known as “the tears of St Lawrence.”

See Ada sanctorum, Augusti ii. 485-532; P. Franchi de’ Cavalieri, S. Lorenzo e il supplicio della graticola (Rome, 1900); Analecta Bollandiana, xix. 452 and 453; Fr. Arnold-Forster, Studies in Church Dedications or England’s Patron Saints, i. 508-515, iii. 18, 389-390 (1899).  (H. De.) 

LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786–1852), American merchant and philanthropist, was born in Groton, Massachusetts, U.S.A., on the 22nd of April 1786, a descendant of John Lawrence of Wisset, Suffolk, England, who was one of the first settlers of Groton. Leaving Groton academy (founded by his father, Samuel Lawrence, and others) in 1799, he became a clerk in a country store in Groton, whence after his apprenticeship he went, with $20 in his pocket, to Boston and there set up in business for himself in December 1807. In the next year he took into his employ his brother, Abbott (see below), whom he made his partner in 1814, the firm name being at first A. & A. Lawrence, and afterwards A. & A. Lawrence & Co. In 1831 when his health failed, Amos Lawrence retired from active business, and Abbott Lawrence was thereafter the head of the firm. The firm became the greatest American mercantile house of the day, was successful even in the hard times of 1812–1815, afterwards engaged particularly in selling woollen and cotton goods on commission, and did much for the establishment of the cotton textile industry in New England: in 1830 by coming to the aid of the financially distressed mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, where in that year the Suffolk, Tremont and Lawrence companies were established, and where Luther Lawrence, the eldest brother, represented the firm’s interests; and in 1845–1847 by establishing and building up Lawrence, Massachusetts, named in honour of Abbott Lawrence, who was a director of the Essex company, which controlled the water power of Lawrence, and afterwards was president of the Atlantic Cotton Mills and Pacific Mills there. In 1842 Amos Lawrence decided not to allow his property to increase any further, and in the last eleven years of his life he spent in charity at least $525,000, a large sum