while others were falling back rapidly to pre-war conditions (see SHIPPING: United States).
In the United Kingdom, from the middle of 1915, a committee of the Board of Trade, in conjunction with the Transport Department of the Admiralty, assumed control of the British mercantile marine, including shipbuilding. A Merchant Shipbuilding Advisory Com- mittee was formed, with Sir George Carter as chairman. In Dec. 1916 the Ministry of Shipping was set up, under Sir Joseph Maclay. The Shipbuilding Advisory Committee was enlarged, and on its advice steps were taken to standardize the types of merchant ships to be built, and to simplify the details of construction both of hull and machinery to secure the greatest and quickest output possible.
Five types of " standard ships " were designed, varying from 3,000 to 8,000 tons deadweight, and between Dec. 1916 and April 1917 considerable numbers of these vessels were ordered. In order to harmonize the work of shipbuilding for the Admiralty and the mer- cantile marine, the whole was placed under one authority, Sir Eric Geddes, in June 1917, when he assumed office as controller of the Navy. Arrangements were made for setting up new shipyards with a view to producing " fabricated " ships, which could be put together with very much reduced amounts of skilled labour; but the results were disappointing, and at the end of 1918 the output in the United Kingdom was still only at the rate of 1,500,000 tons per annum. In March 1918 Lord Pirrie was appointed controller-general of
TABLE XII. Ownership of Some Notable ex-German Ships.
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Old Name
Gross Tons
New Name
New Owners
" Amerika " ....
22,622
" America "
U.S. Government.
" Barbarossa " ....
10,984
" Mercury "
U.S. Government.
" Batavia " . c . . .
1 1 ,464
" Batavia "
French Government.
" Berlin " . ' ....
17,324
" Arabic "
White Star Line.
' Bismarck " ....
56,000
" Majestic "
White Star Line.
' Bliicher " ....
12,350
" Leopoldina "
Brazilian Government.
' Bremen " ....
11,540
" Bremen " ....
Shipping Controller (P. & O. S. Nav. Co.)
' Bulgaria " ....
11,440
' Philippines "
U.S. Shipping Board.
' Cap Arcona "...
9,832
' Cap Arcona "
U.S. Shipping Board.
' Cap Finisterre " .
14,503
' Cap Finisterre " .
Japanese Government.
' Cap Ortegal " ....
7,818
' Cap Ortegal " .
French Government.
' Cap Polonio " ....
20,597
' Cap Polonio " .
P. & O. Steam Nav. Co.
' Cleveland " .
15,746
' King Alexander "
\
(ex " Mobile ")
Byron S. S. Co. Ltd.
" Columbus "
35,ooo
" Homeric "
White Star Line.
" Friedrich der Grosse" . " Fritz "
10,688 3,o83
" Huron " " Assyrian "
U.S. Shipping Board. Ellerman Line.
" George Washington " . " Graf Waldersee " .
25,570 I3J93
" George Washington " "Graf Waldersee "
U.S. Shipping Board. Shipping Controller (P. & O. S. Nav. Co.)
" Grosser Kurfiirst "...
12,642
" Aeolus " '
U.S. Shipping Board.
" Imperator "
52,022
" Berengaria " . . . .
Cunard S. S. Co.
" Johann Heinrich "...
" Burchard "
19,980
" Limburgia " ....
(Koninklyke Hollandsche Lloyd).
" Kaiserin Auguste "...
24,58l
" Empress of Scotland "
Canadian Pacific.
" Victoria "
" Kaiser Wilhelm II." .
I9,36i
" Agamemnon " .
U.S. (Navy Dept.).
" Kigoma "
8,156
" Algeria "
Anchor Line.
" Coin "
7,409
" Amphion "
U.S. Shipping Board.
" Konig Albert "
10,643
" Ferdinando "
Italian Government.
" Palasciano " . . . .
" Konigin Luise "
11,103
" Omar " . . . . .
Orient S. N. Co.
" Konig Wilhelm II."
9,410
" Madawaska "
U.S. Government.
" Kronprinzessin Cecilie "
18,372
" Mount Vernon "...
U.S. Shipping Board.
" Kronprinz Wilhelm " .
14,901
" Von Steuben " ' .
U.S. Government.
" Main "
10, 1 86
" Main "
French Government.
" Moltke "
12,335
" Pesaro "
Italian Government.
" Neckar "
9,709
" Potomac "
(ex " Antigone ") .
U.S. Shipping Board.
" Patricia "
14,466
" Patricia "
Shipping Controller (Ellerman Line).
" Pennsylvania "
13,333
" Nansemond " .
U.S. Shipping Board.
" President Grant " .
18,072
" President Grant "...
U.S. (War Dept.).
" Pretoria "
13,234
" Pretoria "
Shipping Controller (Ellerman Line).
" Princess Alice " . . . .
10,421
" Princess Matoika " .
U.S. (War Dept.).
" Prinz Eitel Friedrich " .
8,170
" Mount Clay " .
(ex " De Kalb ") .
American S. & C. Nav. Corp.
" Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm " .
17,099
" Empress of China " .
Canadian Pacific Ocean Services, Ltd.
" Prinzess Irene " .
10,352
" Pocahontas " .
U.S. Shipping Board.
" Rhein "
9,959
" Susquehanna " .
U.S. Shipping Board.
" Tirpitz "
19,300
" Empress of India " .
C.P.O. Services Ltd.
" Vaterland "
54,282
" Leviathan "
U.S. Government.
" Wm. Oswald "-....
20,200
" Brabantia " '.
Kon. Holl. Lloyd.
" Wittekind "
5,640
" Freedom " . _ .
(ex " Iroquois ") .
U.S. Shipping Board.
" Ypiranga "
8,103
" Assyria "
Anchor Line.
" Zeppelin "
14,167
" Ormuz "
Orient S. Nav. Co.
TABLE XIII. Tonnage Launched in 1910-20 (in thousands of tons).
Year
U.K.
Brit. Dom.
U.S.
Japan
France
Germany
Holland
Other Countries
Total
1910
i,H3
26
331
30
Si
159
7i
116
1,957
1911
,804
20
172
44
125
256
93
137
2,651
1912
,737
35
284
58
in
375
99
2OI
2.900
1913
,932
48
276
65
176
465
104
266
3,332
1914
,684
47
2OI
86
114
387
118
216
- 2,8 5 3
1915
651
22
177
49
25
(No returns)
113
163
- I,2OO
1916
608
32
504
146
43
do.
1 80
175
- i,688
1917
,163
94
998
350
19
do.
149
165
- 2,938
1918
-348
280
3,033
490
H
do.
74
2O9
- 5,448
1919
,620
359
4,075
612
33
do.
137
308
- 7,H4
1920
2,056
204
2,476
457
93
do.
183
393
- 5,862
'Returns not complete.
