In view 1 of figure 3-63, view B, the signal is fed into arm b and in-phase outputs are obtained from the a and c arms. In view 2, in-phase signals are fed into arms a and c and the output signal is obtained from the b arm because the fields add at the junction and induce E lines into the b arm. If 180-degree-out-of-phase signals are fed into arms a and c, as shown in view 3, no output is obtained from the b arm because the opposing fields cancel at the junction. If a signal is fed into the a arm, as shown in view 4, outputs will be obtained from the b and c arms. The reverse is also true. If a signal is fed into the c arm, outputs will be obtained from the a and b arms.
MAGIC-T HYBRID JUNCTION.— A simplified version of the magic-T hybrid junction is shown in figure 3-64. The magic-T is a combination of the H-type and E-type T junctions. The most common application of this type of junction is as the mixer section for microwave radar receivers.
Figure 3-64.—Magic-T hybrid junction.
If a signal is fed into the b arm of the magic-T, it will divide into two out-of-phase components. As shown in figure 3-65, view A, these two components will move into the a and c arms. The signal entering the b arm will not enter the d arm because of the zero potential existing at the entrance of the d arm. The potential must be zero at this point to satisfy the boundary conditions of the b arm. This absence of potential is illustrated in views B and C where the magnitude of the E field in the b arm is indicated by the length of the arrows. Since the E lines are at maximum in the center of the b arm and minimum at the edge where the d arm entrance is located, no potential difference exists across the mouth of the d arm.
Figure 3-65.—Magic-T with input to arm b.
In summary, when an input is applied to arm b of the magic-T hybrid junction, the output signals from arms a and c are 180 degrees out of phase with each other, and no output occurs at the d arm.
The action that occurs when a signal is fed into the d arm of the magic-T is illustrated in figure 3-66. As with the H-type T junction, the signal entering the d arm divides and moves down the a and c arms as outputs that are in phase with each other and with the input. The shape of the E fields in motion is shown by the numbered curved slices. As the E field moves down the d arm, points 2 and 3 are at an equal potential. The energy divides equally into arms a and c, and the E fields in both arms become identical in shape. Since the potentials on both sides of the b arm are equal, no potential difference exists at the entrance to the b arm, resulting in no output.
3-30
