Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/108

Fa is composed of 人 jen man and 戈 ko a spear, and means to cut down, to destroy. See line 249.

Hsia see line 57. [Gradually the sovereigns of this dynasty, which had been founded under such brilliant auspices (line 187), began to degenerate, the climax being reached under the reign of 桀癸 Chieh Kuei, who came to the throne in B.C. 1818 and for many years indulged in cruel brutality and lust almost unparalleled in history.]

196.	國	號	商	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	and the dynastic title became Shang.
	Kuo2	hao4	shang4
	State	name	shang

Kuo see line 155.

Hao see line 137.

Shang see line 188. [Shang was further changed to 殷 Yin in B.C. 1401.]

197.	六	百	載	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	The line lasted for six hundred years,
	Liu4	pai3	tsai3
	Six	hundred	year

Liu see line 75.

Pai see line 46.

Tsai see line 193.

198.	至	紂	亡	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	ending with Chou Hsin.
	Chih4	chou4	wang2
	Arrive	chou	disappear

Chih see line 94.

Chou is composed of 糸 ssŭ silk as radical, and what appears to be 寸 ts'un an inch but is really an abbreviation of 肘 chou elbow, as phonetic. It originally meant crupper, but here stands for 紂辛 Chou Hsin, who was under this Yin or Shang dynasty