works on the Classics, were edited and printed in 1904–05 by his son (see below) and his pupils, under the title 桐城吳先生全書 T'ung-ch'êng Wu hsien-shêng ch'üan-shu. Later his miscellaneous notes, memoranda and diary were edited and classified by his son, and printed in 1928, under the title T'ung-ch'êng Wu hsien-shêng jihchi (日記).
Wu Ju-lun's wife, née Wang 汪 (1836–1892), was the mother of four daughters, the third daughter marrying K'o Shao-min (see under Shêng-yü). Wu's concubine, née Ou 歐 (1854–1907), bore him a son, Wu K'ai-shêng 吳闓生 (T. 辟疆, H. 北江, original ming 啓孫), who studied in Tokyo in 1901–03, and, after observing the customary mourning-period for his father, served as a secretary to Yang Shih-hsiang 楊士驤 (T. 蓮府, posthumous name 文敬, 1860–1909), governor-general of Chihli (1907–09). When Yüan Shih-k'ai (see under Yüan Chia-san) became president of the Chinese Republic (1912) Wu K'ai-shêng was made a member of the President's secretarial staff. In 1916 he served temporarily as vice-president of the Department of Education. Like his father, he was an excellent writer, leaving several literary collections, including one entitled 北江先生文集 Pei-chiang hsien-shêng wên-chi, 7 chüan (1924). He published several text-books, among them the 國文教範 Kuo-wên chiao-fan, 4 chüan (1910), a collection of model essays; and the 桐城吳氏文法教科書 T'ung-ch'êng Wu-shih wên-fa ch'ao-k'o-shu, 2 chüan (1904), a Chinese reader. He also translated a number of Japanese works.
[Chang Chiang-ts'ai, Wu Chih-fu hsien-shêng nien-p'u, printed in the 雙肇樓叢書 Shuang-chao lou ts'ung-shu (1928, not consulted); 1/491/20b; 5/81/15a; Ho T'ao (see above), Ho hsien-shêng wên-chi (1914) 3/34a, 38b; Inaba Iwakichi, "The Ch'ing Scholar, Wu Ju-lun" (in Japanese) in 太陽 Taiyō, vol. 8, no. 6 (1902) with photographs of Wu and of the Lien-ch'ih Academy, Portrait in Chung-hua chiao-yü chien (see bibl. under Sun Chia-nai) vol. 24, no. 11 (1937); Shu Hsin-ch'êng, 近代中國教育史料 Chin-tai Chung-kuo chiao-yü shih-liao, vol. 1 (1928) pp. 77–161, vol. 3, pp. 1–4; T'ung-ch'êng wen-hsüeh yüan-yüan k'ao (see bibl. under Fang Tung-shu) chüan 10; collected works and diaries mentioned above.]
WU Jung-kuang 吳榮光 (T. 伯榮, H. 殿垣, 荷屋), Feb. 15(?), 1773–1843, Sept. 27, official, was a native of Fo-shan (Nan-hai), west of Canton. He came from a wealthy family engaged in the sale of salt. He passed the metropolitan examination of 1799, and so belonged to one of the most celebrated classes of chin-shih in the Ch'ing period (see under Juan Yüan), being one of seventy-three competitors in that year who entered the Hanlin Academy. Among the others, the following may be mentioned: Yao Wên-t'ien, Wang Yin-chih, T'ang Chin-chao, Chang Hui-yen, Ch'ên Shou-ch'i [qq. v.], Pao Kuei-hsing (see under Ch'ên Shou-ch'i), Shih Chih-yen (see under Hsü Tzŭ), Wu Tzŭ (see under Wu Hsi-ch'i), Kuei-fang (see under Tsang Yung), Po Jung 白鎔 (T. 小山, H. 冶源, 1769–1842, president of the Board of Works, 1833–34), Chang Chu 張澍 (T. 伯淪, H. 介侯, 1781–1847, June 20), and Lu K'un 盧坤 (T. 靜之, H. 厚山, posthumous name 敏肅, 1772–1835, governorgeneral at Canton, 1832–35). Among the chin-shih of that year who were not members of the Hanlin Academy we may mention: Hsü Tsung-yen, Chu Kuei-chên, Hao I-hsing [qq. v.], K'ang Shao-yung (see under Li Chao-lo), Liu T'ai-tou (see under Liu T'ai-kung), and Hu Ping-ch'ien 胡秉虔 (T. 伯敬, H. 春喬, d. 1826?).
On becoming a Hanlin compiler in 1801, Wu Jung-kuang served in various literary capacities, and in 1805 was made a censor. In 1808 he was sent to Tientsin to supervise the transport of grain. A year later, when several subordinates were found to have stolen some rice from government boats, he was cashiered for his failure to prevent this loss. Nevertheless, his friends in Peking gathered together sufficient funds to purchase for him in 1810 the rank of an assistant department director in a Board. In 1812 he was appointed to the Board of Punishments and four years later—shortly after he was raised to a department director—he was named to serve concurrently as a secretary in the Grand Council. From 1818 to 1831 he held the following posts: intendant of Shan-An Circuit (southern Shensi, 1818–20) and of the salt administration in Fukien (1820–21); provincial judge of Fukien (1821–22) and of Chekiang (1822–23); financial commissioner of Kweichow (1823–25), of Fukien (1826–28), and of Hunan (1831).
Promoted in 1831 to be governor of Hunan, Wu Jung-kuang showed his abilities by quelling a rebellion of Yao tribesmen at Yung-chou. On being informed of the revolt, early in 1832, he
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