魁紀略 Pu-k'uei chi-lüeh, is a collection of miscellaneous notes; the other, entitled Pu-k'uei ch'êng fu (城賦), is an essay in rhythmic prose. After more than two years in exile he was pardoned (1831) and given permission to return to Peking where he lived in retirement for eight years more. In 1835 he had the satisfaction of seeing his grandson, Hsi-chih 錫祉 (T. 孟繁, H. 子受), become a chin-shih and be selected a bachelor in the Hanlin Academy. Six members of his family—in four generations—thus became Hanlin: his father, himself, his uncle, his two sons, and a grandson, making a record rarely surpassed in the history of the Ch'ing dynasty. In 1836 he bought a garden in the Western Hills where he spent much of his remaining years. He died in 1839 and was given posthumously the rank of a third grade official.
In his last years Ying-ho edited his own writings under eight titles, known collectively as the 恩福堂全集 Ên-fu-t'ang ch'üan-chi. The collection contains, among others, the following: Pu-k'uei chi, his writings at Tsitsihar; Ên-fu-t'ang chih-i, his essays written in the examination hall style, of which a manuscript copy is in the Library of Congress; Ên-fu-t'ang pi-chi (筆記), 2 chüan, printed in 1837, being miscellaneous notes about his family, his friends, and himself; Ên-fu-t'ang nien-p'u (年譜), an autobiography; and Ên-fu-t'ang shih-ch'ao (詩鈔), 12 + 2 chüan, his collected poems, which probably exist only in manuscript. His wife (nêe Sakda 薩克達, T. 介文 H. 觀生閣主), achieved some skill as a writer of verse and as a painter.
In the course of his official career Ying-ho directed two provincial examinations (Shun-t'ien 1800, Kiangnan 1801) and two metropolitan examinations (1805, 1809). Many famous scholars and officials styled themselves his mên-shêng 門生, or disciples, because they had entered officialdom by examinations which he had conducted. Among them may be mentioned Mu-chang-a, Hsü Sung, and Chiao Hsün [qq. v.]. With most of his contemporaries he was on friendly terms except, perhaps, with Ts'ao Chên-yung [q. v.] whose ill-will he incurred in 1814 when he vetoed a proposal to raise funds by the sale of official ranks—a measure which it seems Ts'ao favored. It is believed by some that Ying-ho's recurrent rise and fall may have been in part due to Ts'ao's opposition. Doubtless another factor was the notorious corruption which obtained among the functionaries in the Imperial Household. They resented the efforts of a minister to economize or to interfere with their perquisites, and had their own ways to effect his downfall. Other ministers of the Imperial Household who suffered similarly were: Sung-yün [q. v.], Ching-chêng (see under Shêng-yü), Hsi-ên 禧恩 (T. 仲蕃, posthumous name 文莊, 1784–1852), and I-chi 奕紀 (d. 1863). Hsi-ên, a son of Ch'un-ying (see under Dorgon), was intermittently for nearly thirty years (1815–45) a minister of the Household and was several times disgraced.
I-chi was a grandson of Yung-hsing and younger brother of I-ching [qq. v.]. After serving for six years (1834–40) as a minister in the Household, he was sentenced to hard labor in Hei lungkiang. Officially he was accused of having accepted a. bribe from a. Mongolian Lama in 1839, and of having retained the gift for eight days before he made up his mind to return it, Actually his offense was that, having claimed to be a physician, and having been named to attend Empress Hsiao-ch'üan (see under I-chu) in her last illness, he had failed to prevent her death which took place on February 13, 1840. Seven days later he was put on trial on the bribery charge and on March 2 was banished.
[1/369/3a; 3/39/20a; 20/3/00; 3/82/23a; 2/41/21a; 2/50/38a; Yenching University Library Bulletin No. 19 (December 15, 1931); Tai K'o-t'ing hsiang-kuo nien-p'u (chronological biography of Tai Chün-yüan); T'ien-chih ou-wên (see bibl. under Pao-t'ing), 4/40b; Pa-ch'i wên-ching (see under Shêng-yü).]
YING Hui-ch'ien 應撝謙 (T. 嗣寅, H. 潛齋), 1615–1683, scholar, was a native of Jên-ho (Hangchow). A licentiate under the Ming regime, he gave up hope of an official career after the change of dynasty, devoting himself to teaching and writing, and gathering about him a large number of students by his presentation of Neo-Confucian philosophy in which he favored the Ch'êng-Chu school (see under Hu Wei). IIe was noted for his self-control and for his devoted care of his mother, on whom he waited day and night during several years of illness. He was twice summoned to take part in the special po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ examination of 1679 (see under P'êng Sun-yü), but excused himself on the plea of illness. Of his numerous writings, mostly on the classics and philosophy, six titles were given notice in the Ssŭ-k'u Catalogue (see under Chi Yün). His collected literary works,
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