favorite second son, his successor. His remains were brought back to Peking and interred in a tomb named Ch'ang-ling 昌陵, the second to be built in the Western Mausoleum (see under Yin-chên). He was given the temple name Jên-tsung 仁宗 and the posthumous, name Jui Huang-ti 睿皇帝.
His edicts were classified and edited tinder the title, Jên-tsung shêng-hsün (聖訓), 110 chüan (printed in 1829); and the chronicle of his reign, entitled Jên-tsung shih-lu (see under Wang Yin-chih), was completed in 1824. Yung-yen's own writings were printed in several collections—the first, containing his works written before he ascended the throne, being printed in 1800 under the title, 味餘書屋全集定本 Wei-yü shu-wu ch'üan-chi ting-pên, 40 chüan, with a supplement of miscellaneous notes (Sui-pi) in 2 chüan. During his reign he issued three collections of his verse: the first in 48 chüan, printed in 1803; the second, in 64 chüan, printed in 1811; and the third, in 64 chüan, printed in 1819. He assembled two collections of his prose, the first in 10 chüan, printed in 1805 and the second, in 14 chüan, printed in 1815. Sometime between 1815 and 1819 he made a complete collection of his works, in 178 chüan. After his death, a supplement in 8 chüan was added to the five collections.
During his reign, Yung-yen ordered the compilation of several official works, among which may be mentioned the complete collection of T'ang prose, Ch'üan T'ang wên (see under Tung Kao), and the illustrated treatise on cotton planting and weaving, Shou-i kuang-hsün (see under Fang Kuan-ch'êng). He also authorized the compilation of the third edition of the General Gazetteer of the Ch'ing Empire, Chia-ch'ing ch'ung-hsiu i-t'ung chih (重修一統志), 560 chüan, completed early in 1843 and reproduced in facsimile, from the original manuscripts, in 1934. His other official publications are mostly continuations or enlargements of previous works, among which may be mentioned: the third series of the Shih-ch'ü pao-chi (see under Chang Chao); the second collection of selected literary works of the dynasty, Kuo-ch'ao wên-ying hsü-pien (see under Fa-shih-shan and Tung Pang-ta); the Ta-Ch'ing hui-tien (see under Wang An-kuo); the 詞林典故 Tz'ŭ-lin tien-ku, 64 chüan, completed in 1805, being an enlargement of a work of the same title in 8 chüan, completed in 1748; and the Kuo-ch'ao kung-shih hsü-pien (see under Fa-shih-shan). There is also an account of his tour to Wu-t'ai shan, Shansi, in 1811, entitled 西巡盛典 Hsi-hsün shêng-tien, 24 + 1 chüan, printed about 1812.
Yung-yen had five sons and nine daughters. His eldest son, and all his daughters except two, died in infancy. His second son, Min-ning, succeeded him on the throne. His third son, Mien-k'ai [q. v.], and his fourth, Mien-hsin (see under I-chih), were children by his second wife, Empress Hsiao-ho 孝和睿皇后 (1776–1850, Jan. 23, née Niuhuru), whose brother, Ho-shih-t'ai, was the Duke who spoiled the welcome of the Amherst Embassy. The fifth, Mien-yü 綿愉 (1814–1865, Jan 9), was made, in 1820, a prince of the second degree with the designation Hui (惠郡王). In 1839 his princedom was raised to the first degree. He was perhaps more interested in national affairs than were his half brothers. In 1853, when the Taiping rebels invaded Chihli, Mien-yü was made commander-in-chief of all the forces defending Tientsin and Peking, with the title Fêng-ming ta-chiang-chün 奉命大將軍. But he stayed in Peking while his assistant, Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in [q. v.], and others fought and drove back the insurgents. After these insurgents, in the northern provinces, were suppressed (1855, see under Lin Fêng-hsiang), Mien-yü was released from military duties. He had a studio named Ch'êng-hui t'ang, 承暉堂, and his garden, Ming-ho Yüan 鳴鶴園, was situated very close to the Yuan-ming Yüan. He was canonized as Tuan 端. He left a collection of verse, entitled 愛日齋集 Ai-jih chai chi (1871). His grandson, Tsai-tsê 載澤, served as Minister of Finance from 1907 to 1911 (see under Tuan-fang). Yung-yen's third daughter, Princess Chuang-ching 莊敬公主 (1781–1811), married in 1801 So-t'ê na-mu to-pu-chi 索特那木多布濟 (d. 1825), a prince of the Korchin Mongols. Having no son of their own, the couple adopted Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in, son of the prince's cousin.
It is reported that Yung-yen's mother, Empress Hsiao-i, was an actress from Soochow who was either bought or employed by the bureau in the Imperial Household, known as Shêng-p'ing Shu 昇平署 which had charge of theatrical entertainments. It is even asserted that in the Shêng-p'ing Shu area there is a small temple erected to a female divinity known as Hsi-yin shêng-mu 喜音聖母, "Sacred Mother Who Loved Music", and that at her feet were once placed two tablets bearing the temple and posthumous names of Yung-yen and his son, Min-ning, as if they were her descendants. However this may be, the official accounts state
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