man. In 1757 he had been elected fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. In 1773 he began to publish his Antiqui ties of England and Wales, a work which brought him money as well as fame. This, with its supplementary parts relating to the Channel Islands, was not completed till 1787. In 1789 he set out on an antiquarian tour through Scotland, and in the course of this journey met Burns, who composed in his honour the famous song beginning " Ken ye aught o Captain Grose," and in that other poem, still more famous, " Hear, land o cakes, and brither Scots," warned all Scotchmen of this " chield arnang them taking notes." In 1790 he began to publish the results of what Burns called " his peregrinations through Scotland ; " but he had not finished the work when he bethought himself of going over to Ireland and doing for that country what he had already done for Great Britain. About a month after his arrival, however, while in Dublin at the table of his friend Hone, he was seized with an apoplectic fit, and died in a moment, June 12, 1791. Grose was a sort of antiquarian Falstaff, at least he possessed in a striking degree the knight s physical peculiarities ; but he was a man of true honour and charity, a valuable friend, " overlooking little faults and seeking out greater virtues," and an inimitable boon companion. His professional merits were far from contemptible ; he was a clever draughtsman, and had considerable power of pictorial composition. While most of his writings concern only the learned, others exhibit strong satiric power. But he showed to greatest advantage as a social being ; his humour, his varied knowledge, and his good nature were all eminently calculated to make him a favourite in society. As Burns says of him 1 But wad 3~e see him in his glee, For meikle glee and fun has he, Then set him down, and twa or three Gude fellows wi him ; Audi port, port! shine thou a wee, And THEN ye ll see him ! "
Grose published The Antiquities of England and Wales, 6 vols. fol., 1773-87. In 1782 appeared Advice to the Officers of the British Army, a satire in the manner of Swift s Directions to Ser vants, which is very confidently attributed to Grose ; in 1783, A Guide to Health, Beauty, Riches, and Honour, a collection of advertisements of the period, with characteristic satiric preface ; in 1785, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 8vo; 1785-89, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons; in 1786, Dan-ell s History of Dover; 1786-88, Military Antiquities, 2 vols. 4to ; 1787, A Provincial Glossary; 1788, Rules for Drawing Caricatures, 8vo; 1789-91, The Antiquities of Scotland, 2 vols. 4to; 1791, Antiquities of Ireland,, 2 vols. 4to, edited and partly written by Ledwich. The Grumbler, sixteen clever humorous essays by Grose appeared in 1791 after his death ; and in 1793 The Olio, a collection of essays, jests, and small pieces of poetry, highly characteristic of Grose, though certainly not all by him, was put together from his Eapers by his publisher, who was also his executor. A capital full- Higth portrait of Grose by Dance is in the first volume of the Antiquities of England and Wales, and another is among Kay s Portraits. A versified sketch of him appeared in the Gentleman s Magazine, vol. Ixi. p. 660. See Gentleman s Magazine, vol. Ixi. pp. 498, 582; Noble s Hist, of the College of Arms, p. 434.
GROSSENHAIN, a town in the circle of Dresden,
Saxony, is situated on the Rb der, an affluent of the Elbe,
20 miles N.W. of Dresden. It has manufactures of woollen
and cotton stuffs, buckskin, silk thread, and waxcloth.
The principal buildings are the church of Our Lady com
pleted in 1748, the real school of the second order, the
new town-house completed in 1876, the infirmary, and the
poorhouse. The population in 1875, including the gar
rison, was 10,686.
Grossenhain owes its origin to the Sorbs, and obtained the rank
of a town in the 10th century. It was for a time possessed by the
Bohemians, by whom it was strongly fortified. It afterwards came
into the possession of the counts of Meissen, from whom it was
taken in 1312 by the margraves Waldemar and John of Branden
burg. It suffered considerably in all the great German wars, and in
1744 was nearly destroyed by fire.
GROSSETESTE, Robert (c. 1175-1253), in some respects the most distinguished of all the English mediaeval prelates as regards his personal influence both over the men of his time and on its literature, was born of humble parents at Stradbrook in Suffolk about the year 1175. xll that is known of his early years is (from his own account) that he studied the characters of the best men in the Scriptures, and endeavoured to conform his actions to theirs. He I was sent by his friends to Oxford, where he studied law and ; medicine, and seems to have finished his education at Paris, ! where he probably laid tha foundation of his knowledge of j Greek and Hebrew. His first patron was William de Vere, bishop of Hereford, to whom he was introduced by Giraldus Cambrensis, but who died in 1199, and thus had little opportunity of assisting the young scholar. From Paris he returned to Oxford, graduated in divinity, and became master of the schools (rector scolarum} or chancellor. He also became the first rector of the Franciscans at Oxford. Here he probably wrote his commentaries on Aristotle, and laid the foundations of his fame as a preacher. His earliest preferment of which we can speak with certainty was the archdeaconry of Wilts, which he held in 1214 and 1220 ; he was archdeacon of Northampton in 1221, holding at the same time the prebend of Empingham, which belonged to the archdeaconry. This he exchanged for the archdeaconry of Leicester, which he probably held till 1232. In May 1225 he was collated by Hugh de Wells, bishop of Lincoln, to the church of Abbotsley, Hunts, and at one time he held the rectory of St Margaret s, Leicester. In 1231 he probably wrote his treatise De Cessatione Legalium with the view of converting the Jews, for whose benefit the Domus conversorum was established in London this year. A fever in November 1232 induced him to resign all his preferments excepting his Lincoln prebend, and the leisure he thus obtained was spent at Oxford, and probably employed in writing his mathematical treatises and his theological Dicta. On the death of Bishop Hugh de Wells in February 1 235, the chapter of Lincoln elected Grosseteste to the see ; the election took place on March 27, and he was consecrated at Reading on June 17. His administration of his diocese, then the most extensive in the country, was characterized by great vigour. Within a year of his consecration he visited the monasteries, removing seven abbots and four priors ; and in 1238 he issued his constitutions, embodying the points discussed at the great council of the Church of England held in London in 1237, concerning which he had already written to his archdeacons ; at the same time, as diocesan of Oxford, he exercised a watchful supervision over the university, protecting the scholars who were in trouble for their attack on the legate Otho in 1238, and even entering into such matters of detail as the place where the university chest should bo kept. His energy in his visitations did not pass without opposition ; an attempt on his life by poison was made in 1237, from which he recovered with difficulty through the help of John de S. Giles; and in 1239 began the quarrel with the chapter of Lincoln, which lasted six years, and was only quieted by the decision of the pope himself. They claimed exemption from episcopal visitation, and spoke of the bishop s demanding what had never from the earliest times been the custom. He would not tolerate an imperium in imperio, a body of men joined by common interests, who declined to submit to his jurisdiction, and who might be in need of visitation and correc tion as much as any others. Full details are given in the bishop s letters of the progress of the quarrel ; appeals to Canterbury and the Roman court were followed by excommunications on both sides, the chapter even condescending to exhibit a forged paper as to the history of the church and see of Lincoln. The question was at length settled by a personal appeal to Pope Innocent IV. at Lyons. In a
