lead us to expect, correct and grammatical, fairly classical, and abounding in technical terms and phraseology. Of the amount of his learning and of his indefatigable application to study his Lexicon is a lasting memorial. There is scarcely a work in the whole range of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish literature, no matter on what subject or science, but it will be found described in this vast encyclopaedia, with every piece of collateral information which it was possible to procure or useful to mention. When we remember that it is the Oriental habit to give fancy titles to books that often in no way indicate the nature of their contents, and that one is often obliged to read through pages of irrelevant matter before arriving either at the author s name or the subject of the work, the labour expended on the production of Hajji Khali a s book appears absolutely incredible. The work has always enjoyed a well-deserved reputation in the East, and has attracted the atten tion of many European scholars, but we need only mention here the magnificent edition in seven thick 8vo volumes by the eminent Arabic scholar Gustavus Fluegel published at Leipsic in 1835- 1858 for the Oriental Translation Fund, of Great Britain and Ireland. This edition is accompanied by a Latin page-for-page translation, indices, and notes, and is an indispensable adjunct to every library in which a collection of Oriental books is found. The Arabic title of the lexicon is Kashfn szunun an Asdmt I Kutitb wa I funun, The removal of doubts concerning the names of books and con cerning sciences," and the Latin title adopted by Fluegel is Lexicon Sibliograpkicum ct Encydopcedicum Haji Khalfcc. After a short preface and an introduction of five chapters comes the encyclopaedia proper, the articles in which are arranged in the alphabetical order of the names of the works described. The title of each work is given, a concise account of its contents, the name of the author, and the date, when this could be ascertained; and in many cases the initial phrase h also added to facilitate its identification. Besides the general bibliography, Fluegel s edition contains several appendices of great value to Oriental scholars and librarians. Copious notes and indices complete this splendid edition, one of the finest monuments of Orien tal learning which Europe has produced.
HAKE (Merluccius vulgaris), a fish belonging to the family of cod-fishes (Gadidcv), differing from the common cod in having only two dorsal and one anal fin. It is very common on the coasts of Europe and eastern North America, but its flesh is much less esteemed than that of the true Gadi. Specimens 4 feet in length are not scarce. A closely allied fish inhabits the coasts of Chili and New Zealand.
HAKIM, or, as the full title runs, El Hákim bi-amri-lláh Aboo ’Alee Mansoor (985–1020), the sixth of the Fatimite caliphs, and the third of that dynasty ruling in Egypt, founder of the sect of the Druses, was born in 985 a.d., was designated heir apparent in 993, succeeded in 996, and died in 1020. For the principal events of his life and the leading features of his character the reader is referred to the article Egypt (vol. vii. p. 751). See also Druses (vol. vii. p. 484).
HAKLUYT, Richard (c. 1553–1616), geographer, was bom of good family[1] in or near London about 1553. He was elected " one of her Maiesties scholars at Westminster," and it was while there that the bent of his future studies was determined by a visit to his cousin and namesake, Richard Hakluyt of the Middle Temple. His cousin s dis course, illustrated by " certain bookes of cosmographie, an universall nuppe, and the Bible," had such an effect upon Hakluyt s mind that he resolved, if opportunity offered, to " prosecute that knowledge and kind of literature." Enter ing Christ Church, Oxford, in 1570, "his exercises of duty first performed," he fell to his intended course of reading, and by degrees perused all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. He took his degree of B.A. in 1573–74, and we learn from the Towneley MSS. that two years later he was selected twice in the same year to receive gifts of money.[2] It is highly probable that, shortly after taking his degree of M.A. (1577), he commenced at Oxford the first public lectures in geography that " shewed both the old imperfectly composed and the new lately reformed mappes, globes, spheares, and other instruments of this art."[3]
Hakluyt s first published work was his Divers Voyages touching the Discoverie of America (London, 1582, 4to). By reason of his great knowledge of these matters and his acquaintance with "the chiefest captaines at sea, the greatest merchants, and the best mariners of our nation," he was selected in 1583, at the age of thirty, to accompany Sir Edward Stafford, the English ambassador, to Paris in the capacity of chaplain. In accordance with the instruc tions of Secretary Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French move ments, and " making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerns discoverie in America." The first fruits of Hakluyt s labours in Paris are embodied in the most important production of his that has seen the light in modern times ; it is entitled A particuler discourse concerning Westerns discoveries written in the yere 1584, by Richarde HacUuyt of Oxforde, at the requeste and direction of the righte u orshlpfull Mr Walter Raghly before tlie comynge home of his twoo barkes.[4] This long-lost MS., after failing to find a resting-place in America, was finally acquired by Sir Thomas Phillipps, and is now the property of Rev. J. E. A. Fenwick of Thirlstane House, Cheltenham. The object of the Discourse was to recommend the enterprise of planting the English race in the unsettled parts of North America, Hakluyt s other works consist mainly of translations and compilations, relieved by his dedications and prefaces, which last, with a few letters, are the only material we possess out of which a biography of him can be framed.
Hakluyt returned to England in 1584, and during his short stay he had the honour of laying before Queen Elizabeth a copy of the Discourse " along with one in Latin upon Aristotle s Politicks," which won for him, two clays before his departure again for Paris, the grant of the next vacant prebend at Bristol. In the spring of the following year, feeling anxious about the reversion of the prebend, he again visited England, and exhibited in person, on the 24th May 1585, before the chapter of Bristol cathedral, the queen s i mandate for the coveted vacancy already signed and sealed. Before the close of the year the reversion of it fell to him, and in 1586 he was admitted to the prebend, which he held, with his other preferments, till the time of his death.
While in .Paris Hakluyt caused to be published the MS. journal of Laudonniere or Histoire notable de la Florida, edited by M. Bassanier (Paris, 1586, 8vo). This was translated by Hakluyt and published in London under the title of A notable historic containing foure voyages made by certayne French Captaynes into Florida (London, 1587, 4to). The same year De Orbe Novo Petri Martyris Anglerii Decades octo illustrate?, labore et industria Richardi Hackluyti, saw the light at Paris. This work contains the exceedingly rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F. G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle) ; it is the first on which the name of " Virginia " appears.
Stafford, after a residence in France of nearly five years. In 1589 he published The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation (fol., London, 1 vol.). In the preface to this we have the announcement of the
intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in
- ↑ The Hakluyts were a family of Welsh extraction, not Dutch as has been supposed. They appear to have settled in Herefordshire as early as the 13th century. The family seat was at Eaton, 2 miles S. E. of Leominster. Hugo Hakelute was returned M. P. for that borough in the 32d parliament of Edward I., 1304–5. See Return of Members of Parliament, pt. i. p. 1 8.
- ↑ "To one Mr Hakeluite, B.A. of Christ Colleclge in Oxford, the 12 of May (1575), by Dr Humfrey (professor of divinity), 10s. To one Mr Hackeluitt, the 4th of June, 2s. 6d." (Hist. MSS. Comm. 4th Report, Appendix, p. 614).
- ↑ That this was not in London is certain, as we know that the first lecture of the kind was delivered in the metropolis on the 4th of November 1588 by Thomas Hood.
- ↑ Now first printed from a contemporary MS., with an introduction by Leonard Woods, LL.D., edited by Charles Deane, Collections of Maine Hist. Soc., Canib. (Mass.), 1877, 8vo.
